NSG 555 Quiz 2 module 5 CV part 2 HF
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORECT Answers
HF definition - CORRECT ANSWER - clinical syndrome defined by: any structural or
functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood
Stages of heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - stage A- cardiac structure abnormalities
but no symptoms. goal: reduce risk
stage B-increased filling pressures, persistently elevated troponin without dx or increased BNP
stage C-Structural heart disease with current or previous symptoms of HF.
stage D- Marked HF symptoms that interfere with daily life and with recurrent hospitalizations
despite attempts to optimize GDMT.
most common causes of HF - CORRECT ANSWER - ischemic heart disease and
myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, and valvular heart disease (VHD
approach to HF - CORRECT ANSWER - clinicians should seek the cause of HF because
appropriate treatment may be determined by the cause
assessing clinical s/s of congestion in HF - CORRECT ANSWER - presence of jugular
venous distention, orthopnea, bendopnea, a square-wave response to the Valsalva maneuver, and
leg edema
lab studies for heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - complete blood count, urinalysis,
serum electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium), blood urea nitrogen,
serum creatinine, glucose, fasting lipid profile, liver function tests, iron studies (serum iron,
ferritin, transferrin saturation), and thyroid-stimulating hormone level and electrocardiography
imaging recommendations for HF - CORRECT ANSWER - comprehensive TTE is the
most useful initial diagnostic test given the vast amount of diagnostic and prognostic information
, provided. The determination of LVEF is a fundamental step to classify HF and to guide
evidence-based pharmacological and device-based therapy
exercise tolerance testing in HF - CORRECT ANSWER - CPET and the 6-minute walk
test are standardized, reliable, and reproducible tests to quantify functional capacity.19-22 The
NYHA functional classification can be used to grade the severity of functional limitation based
on patient report of symptoms experienced with activity1 and is used to define candidates for
certain treatments.
Stage A heart failure management - CORRECT ANSWER - patients who are at high risk
for developing heart failure but have no structural abnormalities
BP <130/80
diet
exercise
weight loss
stop smoking
If diabetics SGLT2 (flozin) or GLP-1 (tide)
Stage B heart failure management - CORRECT ANSWER - pre-HF (increased filling
pressures, persistently elevated troponin without dx or increased BNP)
Start ACEI or ARB if LVEF <40
BB if LVEF <40 and hx CAD or MI (some also say just start these anyway)
ICD if LVEF <30
Statin if indicated
NO CCBs OR TZDs !!!!
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORECT Answers
HF definition - CORRECT ANSWER - clinical syndrome defined by: any structural or
functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood
Stages of heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - stage A- cardiac structure abnormalities
but no symptoms. goal: reduce risk
stage B-increased filling pressures, persistently elevated troponin without dx or increased BNP
stage C-Structural heart disease with current or previous symptoms of HF.
stage D- Marked HF symptoms that interfere with daily life and with recurrent hospitalizations
despite attempts to optimize GDMT.
most common causes of HF - CORRECT ANSWER - ischemic heart disease and
myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, and valvular heart disease (VHD
approach to HF - CORRECT ANSWER - clinicians should seek the cause of HF because
appropriate treatment may be determined by the cause
assessing clinical s/s of congestion in HF - CORRECT ANSWER - presence of jugular
venous distention, orthopnea, bendopnea, a square-wave response to the Valsalva maneuver, and
leg edema
lab studies for heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER - complete blood count, urinalysis,
serum electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium), blood urea nitrogen,
serum creatinine, glucose, fasting lipid profile, liver function tests, iron studies (serum iron,
ferritin, transferrin saturation), and thyroid-stimulating hormone level and electrocardiography
imaging recommendations for HF - CORRECT ANSWER - comprehensive TTE is the
most useful initial diagnostic test given the vast amount of diagnostic and prognostic information
, provided. The determination of LVEF is a fundamental step to classify HF and to guide
evidence-based pharmacological and device-based therapy
exercise tolerance testing in HF - CORRECT ANSWER - CPET and the 6-minute walk
test are standardized, reliable, and reproducible tests to quantify functional capacity.19-22 The
NYHA functional classification can be used to grade the severity of functional limitation based
on patient report of symptoms experienced with activity1 and is used to define candidates for
certain treatments.
Stage A heart failure management - CORRECT ANSWER - patients who are at high risk
for developing heart failure but have no structural abnormalities
BP <130/80
diet
exercise
weight loss
stop smoking
If diabetics SGLT2 (flozin) or GLP-1 (tide)
Stage B heart failure management - CORRECT ANSWER - pre-HF (increased filling
pressures, persistently elevated troponin without dx or increased BNP)
Start ACEI or ARB if LVEF <40
BB if LVEF <40 and hx CAD or MI (some also say just start these anyway)
ICD if LVEF <30
Statin if indicated
NO CCBs OR TZDs !!!!
