Water Infrastructure and Resource
Management
Assessment 6 (Project) Answers
Year 2025
0027 63 985 5033
1
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... 3
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................... 5
1.3 STUDY AREA ...................................................................................................... 7
1.4 PROJECT DESIGN.............................................................................................. 9
1.5 HEADLOSS CALCULATION ............................................................................ 17
1.6 RESERVOIR VOLUME CALCULATION ........................................................... 18
1.7 PROJECT DESIGN CHALLENGES .................................................................. 18
1.8 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 19
1.9 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 20
2
, 1.1 ABSTRACT
Masebe Municipality plans to implement a new water supply system to serve 4 growing
communities. This project focuses on the design of a water supply system for 4
townships in line with their Water Services Development Plan (WSDP). The water
supply scheme will draw water from the Luvuvhu River, and each community will have
its own local reservoir. The system will include water abstraction, treatment, pumping
stations, storage reservoirs, and distribution pipelines. EPANET software will be used
for this design.
A fundamental prerequisite to begin the design of water supply facilities determination
of the design capacity. This, in turn, is a function of water demand. The determination
of water demand consists of four parts:
1. selection of a design period,
2. estimation of the population, commercial, and industrial growth,
3. estimation of the unit water use, and
4. estimation of the variability of the demand.1
The design period is the length of time it is estimated that the facility will be able to
meet the demand, that is, the design capacity. The life expectancy of a facility or piece
of equipment is determined by wear and tear. Typical life expectancies for equipment
range from 10 to 20 years. Buildings, other structures, and pipelines are assumed to
have a useful life of 50 years or more. New water works are generally made large
enough to meet the demand for the future.2
Population projections must be made for residential population growth as well as
anticipated commercial and industrial development, since these directly influence
future water consumption. Unit water use is typically expressed as the average daily
consumption per capita or per service unit. This is based on historical usage data,
regional standards, or planning guidelines. Water demand is not constant and varies
daily, seasonally, and with usage patterns. Estimating this variability such as peak day
1
Mackenzie L. Davis. (2010). Water and Wastewater Engineering
2
Mackenzie L. Davis. (2010). Water and Wastewater Engineering
3
Management
Assessment 6 (Project) Answers
Year 2025
0027 63 985 5033
1
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... 3
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................... 5
1.3 STUDY AREA ...................................................................................................... 7
1.4 PROJECT DESIGN.............................................................................................. 9
1.5 HEADLOSS CALCULATION ............................................................................ 17
1.6 RESERVOIR VOLUME CALCULATION ........................................................... 18
1.7 PROJECT DESIGN CHALLENGES .................................................................. 18
1.8 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 19
1.9 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 20
2
, 1.1 ABSTRACT
Masebe Municipality plans to implement a new water supply system to serve 4 growing
communities. This project focuses on the design of a water supply system for 4
townships in line with their Water Services Development Plan (WSDP). The water
supply scheme will draw water from the Luvuvhu River, and each community will have
its own local reservoir. The system will include water abstraction, treatment, pumping
stations, storage reservoirs, and distribution pipelines. EPANET software will be used
for this design.
A fundamental prerequisite to begin the design of water supply facilities determination
of the design capacity. This, in turn, is a function of water demand. The determination
of water demand consists of four parts:
1. selection of a design period,
2. estimation of the population, commercial, and industrial growth,
3. estimation of the unit water use, and
4. estimation of the variability of the demand.1
The design period is the length of time it is estimated that the facility will be able to
meet the demand, that is, the design capacity. The life expectancy of a facility or piece
of equipment is determined by wear and tear. Typical life expectancies for equipment
range from 10 to 20 years. Buildings, other structures, and pipelines are assumed to
have a useful life of 50 years or more. New water works are generally made large
enough to meet the demand for the future.2
Population projections must be made for residential population growth as well as
anticipated commercial and industrial development, since these directly influence
future water consumption. Unit water use is typically expressed as the average daily
consumption per capita or per service unit. This is based on historical usage data,
regional standards, or planning guidelines. Water demand is not constant and varies
daily, seasonally, and with usage patterns. Estimating this variability such as peak day
1
Mackenzie L. Davis. (2010). Water and Wastewater Engineering
2
Mackenzie L. Davis. (2010). Water and Wastewater Engineering
3
