ATI TEAS 7 BIOLOGY REVIEW UPDATED
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs - ANSWER-Autotrophs, can make their own food
Example: plants, make their own food by "photosynthesis"
Heterotrophs, must obtain their food
Example: animals and humans need to get food sources to obtain energy
Cell theory - ANSWER-- All living things are composed of one or more cells.
- Cells are alive and represent the basic unit of life.
- All cells are produced from pre-existing cells.
Who discovered the first living cell? - ANSWER-Robert Hooke, discovered it in the eighteenth
century
Asexual reproduction - ANSWER-process of which one organism is needed to reproduce itself
(ALL PROKARYOTES REPRODUCE THIS WAY)
Example: budding
Binary fission - ANSWER-a form of asexual reproduction, where an organism copies its DNA and
splits in half.
→ one parent divides into two daughter cells
Sexual reproduction - ANSWER-process where two organisms produce offspring that have
genetic characteristics of both parents
→ male and female = sperm + egg unite
Interphase - ANSWER-Phase where the cell prepares for division.
What are the steps in the Interphase? - ANSWER-G1: cell grows and prepares to copy its DNA
S: DNA copies itself
G2: cell prepares for cell division
, Mitosis - ANSWER-process where a cell divides to make two identical cells, usually for growth,
repair and replacement if cells (when you get cut, cell growth)
Chromosomes - ANSWER-threadlike structures made of DNA that contain the genes, formed
being wrapped around proteins called HISTONES
Centromere - ANSWER-region in the chromosome where two sister chromatids attach
What are the four phases of MITOSIS? - ANSWER-Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
(PMAT)
Prophase (mitosis) - ANSWER-chromosomes condense, spindle fibers and nuclear envelope
begins to form
Metaphase (mitosis) - ANSWER-chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase (Mitosis) - ANSWER-chromosomes are pulled apart via spindle fibers
Telophase (mitosis) - ANSWER-new nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-when a cell divided into two cells via cytoplasm
What is Meiosis and what are the phases? - ANSWER-makes sex cells (sperm and eggs),
genetically different
Goes through two rounds of cell division:
Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
meiosis I and meiosis II involve the same phases as mitosis, but DNA replication does not occur
from phase I to II
What's the difference between meiosis and mitosis? - ANSWER-Meiosis: has two rounds of cell
division, daughter cells ARE NOT genetically identical to parent (more genetically diverse)
Mitosis: one rounds of cell division, daughter cells are genetically identical to parent
Photosynthesis - ANSWER-process where plants make food source from energy
Fermentation - ANSWER-Process where cells release energy from food without oxygen
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs - ANSWER-Autotrophs, can make their own food
Example: plants, make their own food by "photosynthesis"
Heterotrophs, must obtain their food
Example: animals and humans need to get food sources to obtain energy
Cell theory - ANSWER-- All living things are composed of one or more cells.
- Cells are alive and represent the basic unit of life.
- All cells are produced from pre-existing cells.
Who discovered the first living cell? - ANSWER-Robert Hooke, discovered it in the eighteenth
century
Asexual reproduction - ANSWER-process of which one organism is needed to reproduce itself
(ALL PROKARYOTES REPRODUCE THIS WAY)
Example: budding
Binary fission - ANSWER-a form of asexual reproduction, where an organism copies its DNA and
splits in half.
→ one parent divides into two daughter cells
Sexual reproduction - ANSWER-process where two organisms produce offspring that have
genetic characteristics of both parents
→ male and female = sperm + egg unite
Interphase - ANSWER-Phase where the cell prepares for division.
What are the steps in the Interphase? - ANSWER-G1: cell grows and prepares to copy its DNA
S: DNA copies itself
G2: cell prepares for cell division
, Mitosis - ANSWER-process where a cell divides to make two identical cells, usually for growth,
repair and replacement if cells (when you get cut, cell growth)
Chromosomes - ANSWER-threadlike structures made of DNA that contain the genes, formed
being wrapped around proteins called HISTONES
Centromere - ANSWER-region in the chromosome where two sister chromatids attach
What are the four phases of MITOSIS? - ANSWER-Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
(PMAT)
Prophase (mitosis) - ANSWER-chromosomes condense, spindle fibers and nuclear envelope
begins to form
Metaphase (mitosis) - ANSWER-chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase (Mitosis) - ANSWER-chromosomes are pulled apart via spindle fibers
Telophase (mitosis) - ANSWER-new nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-when a cell divided into two cells via cytoplasm
What is Meiosis and what are the phases? - ANSWER-makes sex cells (sperm and eggs),
genetically different
Goes through two rounds of cell division:
Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
meiosis I and meiosis II involve the same phases as mitosis, but DNA replication does not occur
from phase I to II
What's the difference between meiosis and mitosis? - ANSWER-Meiosis: has two rounds of cell
division, daughter cells ARE NOT genetically identical to parent (more genetically diverse)
Mitosis: one rounds of cell division, daughter cells are genetically identical to parent
Photosynthesis - ANSWER-process where plants make food source from energy
Fermentation - ANSWER-Process where cells release energy from food without oxygen
