MICROBIOLOGY FOR NURSING-EXAM 1
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Microbes - CORRECT ANSWER -Microbes/microorganisms: too small to be seen with the naked
eye (1/1000 of a mm)
Micron - CORRECT ANSWER -unit of measurement for bacteria
Most studied bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER -E. Coli is the most studied bacteria, they reproduce
every 20 minutes,
How do bacteria reproduce? - CORRECT ANSWER -Bacteria reproduce by binary fission (exact
copy of the parent cell)
Uses for bacteria: - CORRECT ANSWER -Uses for bacteria: food, oxygen, environmental,
antibiotics
Microbes include: - CORRECT ANSWER -bacteria, protozoans, helminths, algae, fungi,
pathogenic microbes, beneficial microbes.
Genetic Engineering - CORRECT ANSWER -Genetic engineering: modify plants to make more
resistant to fungus, insects, etc. (ex. GMO)
Recombinant DNA: - CORRECT ANSWER -transfer DNA to another thing to make it better (ex.
Insulin production, growth hormone, interferon)
Bioremediation: - CORRECT ANSWER -using bacteria to clean up environmental toxic spills.
,Prokaryotic organisms: - CORRECT ANSWER -"before nucleus," no nucleus, primitive. (ex.
Bacteria)
Eukaryotic organisms: - CORRECT ANSWER -"true nucleus," have nucleus, more advances. (ex.
Humans)
World health organization (WHO) - CORRECT ANSWER -estimate that there are over 10 billion
new infections each year
Emerging infectious diseases (EID): - CORRECT ANSWER -diseases that have appeared within the
last 2 to 3 decades
Examples: avian flu, SARS, West Nile, BSE (mad cow), CJD (human mad cow), AIDS
Re-emerging diseases: - CORRECT ANSWER -diseases that have recently re-emerged
TB, Whooping cough, measles, post-polio syndrome
Linnaeus: - CORRECT ANSWER -Father of taxonomy, came up with binomial nomenclature( 2
name naming)
1. Includes genus and species
System of classification: - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family,
genus, species
1. Ex.: (for humans) Eukarya, Animalia, chordata, mammalia, primates, hominidae, Homo,
sapiens
The 5 kingdoms - CORRECT ANSWER -Animalia, plantae, monera (this is bacteria), fungi, Protista
, Rules for naming: - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Capitalize genus name only, not species
2. Always use italics or underline
Shapes of bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Cocci: circles
2. Rods/ bacillus
3. Spirilla: spiral or wiggly
Other classifying words: - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Staphylo: clusters
2. Strepto: chains
3. Diplo: 2 cocci together
4. Tetrad: 4 cocci together
Characteristics of Bacteria: - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Unicellular, no bound nucleus
2. Looped shaped chromosome
3. Divide by binary fission
4. Generation time: 20-30 minutes
5. Most have peptidoglycan in cell wall
6. May have appendages like flagella that assist in mobility
Archea: - CORRECT ANSWER -(type of bacteria) primitive prokaryotes, found in extreme
environments
Spontaneous generation: - CORRECT ANSWER -life from nonlife
1. This is what the prevalent theory was "back in the day" (J. Huggins words)
2. Disproved by Louis Pasteur (also cured rabies, silkworm problem, invented pasteurization)
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Microbes - CORRECT ANSWER -Microbes/microorganisms: too small to be seen with the naked
eye (1/1000 of a mm)
Micron - CORRECT ANSWER -unit of measurement for bacteria
Most studied bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER -E. Coli is the most studied bacteria, they reproduce
every 20 minutes,
How do bacteria reproduce? - CORRECT ANSWER -Bacteria reproduce by binary fission (exact
copy of the parent cell)
Uses for bacteria: - CORRECT ANSWER -Uses for bacteria: food, oxygen, environmental,
antibiotics
Microbes include: - CORRECT ANSWER -bacteria, protozoans, helminths, algae, fungi,
pathogenic microbes, beneficial microbes.
Genetic Engineering - CORRECT ANSWER -Genetic engineering: modify plants to make more
resistant to fungus, insects, etc. (ex. GMO)
Recombinant DNA: - CORRECT ANSWER -transfer DNA to another thing to make it better (ex.
Insulin production, growth hormone, interferon)
Bioremediation: - CORRECT ANSWER -using bacteria to clean up environmental toxic spills.
,Prokaryotic organisms: - CORRECT ANSWER -"before nucleus," no nucleus, primitive. (ex.
Bacteria)
Eukaryotic organisms: - CORRECT ANSWER -"true nucleus," have nucleus, more advances. (ex.
Humans)
World health organization (WHO) - CORRECT ANSWER -estimate that there are over 10 billion
new infections each year
Emerging infectious diseases (EID): - CORRECT ANSWER -diseases that have appeared within the
last 2 to 3 decades
Examples: avian flu, SARS, West Nile, BSE (mad cow), CJD (human mad cow), AIDS
Re-emerging diseases: - CORRECT ANSWER -diseases that have recently re-emerged
TB, Whooping cough, measles, post-polio syndrome
Linnaeus: - CORRECT ANSWER -Father of taxonomy, came up with binomial nomenclature( 2
name naming)
1. Includes genus and species
System of classification: - CORRECT ANSWER -Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family,
genus, species
1. Ex.: (for humans) Eukarya, Animalia, chordata, mammalia, primates, hominidae, Homo,
sapiens
The 5 kingdoms - CORRECT ANSWER -Animalia, plantae, monera (this is bacteria), fungi, Protista
, Rules for naming: - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Capitalize genus name only, not species
2. Always use italics or underline
Shapes of bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Cocci: circles
2. Rods/ bacillus
3. Spirilla: spiral or wiggly
Other classifying words: - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Staphylo: clusters
2. Strepto: chains
3. Diplo: 2 cocci together
4. Tetrad: 4 cocci together
Characteristics of Bacteria: - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Unicellular, no bound nucleus
2. Looped shaped chromosome
3. Divide by binary fission
4. Generation time: 20-30 minutes
5. Most have peptidoglycan in cell wall
6. May have appendages like flagella that assist in mobility
Archea: - CORRECT ANSWER -(type of bacteria) primitive prokaryotes, found in extreme
environments
Spontaneous generation: - CORRECT ANSWER -life from nonlife
1. This is what the prevalent theory was "back in the day" (J. Huggins words)
2. Disproved by Louis Pasteur (also cured rabies, silkworm problem, invented pasteurization)
