CPH EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Pathophysiology of Asthma - (answer) Chronic Inflammation Bronchospasm Airflow limitation Asthma
Triggers
Asthma Triggers - (answer) 50% triggered by know allergens ◦ Tobacco smoke, House dust mites,
animal dander, mold, pollen, and cockroach droppings ◦ Other triggers ◦ Exercise, infections, rhinitis, cold
symptoms, acid reflux,
Symptoms of Asthma - (answer) Coughing Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Wheezing
Tightness or pain in the chest
Medications to Treat Asthma - (answer) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
BRONCHODILATORS
(ASTHMA) BRONCHODILATORS - (answer) Fixed Schedule and PRN ◦ Short-acting -agonists ◦ Long-
acting -agonists ◦ Anticholinergics ◦ Theophylline
(ASTHMA)ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS - (answer) Fixed Schedule ◦ Glucocorticoids ◦ Mast cell
stabilizers ◦ Leukotriene inhibitors ◦ Omalizumab
Stepwise Approach to Medication Management of Asthma - (answer) Step 1: no daily meds Step 2:
low-dose ICS Step 3: med-dose ICS or low dose ICS + LABA Step 4: med-dose ICS + LABA
Step 5: high-dose ICS + LABA
Step 6: high-dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid
COPD - (answer) Chronic, progressive, largely irreversible disease ◦ Bronchoconstriction ◦ Inflammation
◦ Increased mucous production 3rd leading cause of death in the US Smoking is the #1 cause of COPD ◦
Secondhand smoke ◦ Work related exposure to chemicals and dust ◦ Indoor air pollution ◦ Genetics
Chronic bronchoconstriction - (answer) Mediated by acetylcholine, histamine, & inflammatory cells
,CPH EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
chronic inflammation - (answer) ◦ Inflammatory mediators are different than those in asthma ◦
Increased oxidants from smoke react with and damage proteins & lipids in lungs ◦ Destroys airways,
pulmonary vascular/tissue, increases mucous/sputum production ◦ Increased proteases, tissue
damage/repair, scarring, ◦ Reduced ciliary motility
COPD Symptoms - (answer) •Coughing - "smoker's cough" •Shortness of breath •Excess sputum
•Wheezing
Management of COPD - (answer) Smoking cessation Inhaled bronchodilators: KEY DRUG THERAPY
Inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs Antibiotics Oxygen therapy
Medications to Manage COPD - (answer) BRONCHODILATORS
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
(COPD) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS - (answer) Fixed Schedule ◦ Inhaled glucocorticoid
(COPD) BRONCHODILATORS - (answer) Fixed schedule & prn ◦ Anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonist) ◦
Short acting (SAMA) ◦ Long acting (LAMA) ◦ Beta 2 Agonsts ◦ Short-acting (SABA) ◦ Long-acting (LABA) ◦
Theophylline
Anti-inflammatory Drugs - (answer) Glucocorticoids Mast Cell Stabilizers Leukotriene Modifiers
Omalizumab
Glucocorticoids - (answer) inhaled
systemic
INHALED GLUCOCORTICOIDS - (answer) budesonide (Pulmicort)
fluticasone (Flovent)
SYSTEMIC GLUCOCORTICOID - (answer) prednisone (Deltasone)
, CPH EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Glucocorticoids Mechanism of Action - (answer) Suppress inflammation by increasing anti-
inflammatory mediators
Adverse Effects of Inhaled Steroids - (answer) Most Common ◦ Hoarseness, difficulty speaking, & sore
throat ◦ Oral Candida albicans (yeast) Rare but can occur with high doses ◦ Osteoporosis Prevention of
ADRs ◦ Gargle after use ◦ Use spacer
Endocrine Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Adrenal suppression ◦ Glucose intoler
and weight gain
Immune Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Increased risk of infection ◦ Impaired wound
healing
Musculo-skeletal Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) Growth suppression in children ◦
Muscle weakness ◦ Central redistribution of fat ◦ Potbelly, moon face, buffalo hump ◦
Osteoporosis/fractures
GI Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Peptic Ulcers ◦ Increased appetite
Dermatologic Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) Thinning of skin ◦ Acne ◦ Hirsutism
(excessive hair growth)
CNS and Psychiatric Disturbances Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Insomnia, mood
swings, agitation ◦ Steroid psychosis
Fluid and Electrolyte disturbances Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Sodium and water
retention ◦ Hypokalemia
Ophthalmic Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Glaucoma and cataracts
While on prednisone - (answer) moon face, and buffalo hump
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Pathophysiology of Asthma - (answer) Chronic Inflammation Bronchospasm Airflow limitation Asthma
Triggers
Asthma Triggers - (answer) 50% triggered by know allergens ◦ Tobacco smoke, House dust mites,
animal dander, mold, pollen, and cockroach droppings ◦ Other triggers ◦ Exercise, infections, rhinitis, cold
symptoms, acid reflux,
Symptoms of Asthma - (answer) Coughing Shortness of breath or trouble breathing Wheezing
Tightness or pain in the chest
Medications to Treat Asthma - (answer) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
BRONCHODILATORS
(ASTHMA) BRONCHODILATORS - (answer) Fixed Schedule and PRN ◦ Short-acting -agonists ◦ Long-
acting -agonists ◦ Anticholinergics ◦ Theophylline
(ASTHMA)ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS - (answer) Fixed Schedule ◦ Glucocorticoids ◦ Mast cell
stabilizers ◦ Leukotriene inhibitors ◦ Omalizumab
Stepwise Approach to Medication Management of Asthma - (answer) Step 1: no daily meds Step 2:
low-dose ICS Step 3: med-dose ICS or low dose ICS + LABA Step 4: med-dose ICS + LABA
Step 5: high-dose ICS + LABA
Step 6: high-dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid
COPD - (answer) Chronic, progressive, largely irreversible disease ◦ Bronchoconstriction ◦ Inflammation
◦ Increased mucous production 3rd leading cause of death in the US Smoking is the #1 cause of COPD ◦
Secondhand smoke ◦ Work related exposure to chemicals and dust ◦ Indoor air pollution ◦ Genetics
Chronic bronchoconstriction - (answer) Mediated by acetylcholine, histamine, & inflammatory cells
,CPH EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
chronic inflammation - (answer) ◦ Inflammatory mediators are different than those in asthma ◦
Increased oxidants from smoke react with and damage proteins & lipids in lungs ◦ Destroys airways,
pulmonary vascular/tissue, increases mucous/sputum production ◦ Increased proteases, tissue
damage/repair, scarring, ◦ Reduced ciliary motility
COPD Symptoms - (answer) •Coughing - "smoker's cough" •Shortness of breath •Excess sputum
•Wheezing
Management of COPD - (answer) Smoking cessation Inhaled bronchodilators: KEY DRUG THERAPY
Inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs Antibiotics Oxygen therapy
Medications to Manage COPD - (answer) BRONCHODILATORS
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
(COPD) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS - (answer) Fixed Schedule ◦ Inhaled glucocorticoid
(COPD) BRONCHODILATORS - (answer) Fixed schedule & prn ◦ Anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonist) ◦
Short acting (SAMA) ◦ Long acting (LAMA) ◦ Beta 2 Agonsts ◦ Short-acting (SABA) ◦ Long-acting (LABA) ◦
Theophylline
Anti-inflammatory Drugs - (answer) Glucocorticoids Mast Cell Stabilizers Leukotriene Modifiers
Omalizumab
Glucocorticoids - (answer) inhaled
systemic
INHALED GLUCOCORTICOIDS - (answer) budesonide (Pulmicort)
fluticasone (Flovent)
SYSTEMIC GLUCOCORTICOID - (answer) prednisone (Deltasone)
, CPH EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2024 COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Glucocorticoids Mechanism of Action - (answer) Suppress inflammation by increasing anti-
inflammatory mediators
Adverse Effects of Inhaled Steroids - (answer) Most Common ◦ Hoarseness, difficulty speaking, & sore
throat ◦ Oral Candida albicans (yeast) Rare but can occur with high doses ◦ Osteoporosis Prevention of
ADRs ◦ Gargle after use ◦ Use spacer
Endocrine Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Adrenal suppression ◦ Glucose intoler
and weight gain
Immune Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Increased risk of infection ◦ Impaired wound
healing
Musculo-skeletal Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) Growth suppression in children ◦
Muscle weakness ◦ Central redistribution of fat ◦ Potbelly, moon face, buffalo hump ◦
Osteoporosis/fractures
GI Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Peptic Ulcers ◦ Increased appetite
Dermatologic Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) Thinning of skin ◦ Acne ◦ Hirsutism
(excessive hair growth)
CNS and Psychiatric Disturbances Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Insomnia, mood
swings, agitation ◦ Steroid psychosis
Fluid and Electrolyte disturbances Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Sodium and water
retention ◦ Hypokalemia
Ophthalmic Adverse Effects of Systemic Steroids - (answer) ◦ Glaucoma and cataracts
While on prednisone - (answer) moon face, and buffalo hump
