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psychology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
brief history of psychology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔how psychology developed from its
origins to where it is today
themes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔common threads within this course and the discipline of
psychology, connect and unify its numerous and varied topics
paradigms - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a set of beliefs or assumptions that is shared by a
group, a way of thinking about doing science
research methods - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔ways of doing science
statistics - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔mathematical tools that express research findings and
allow us to make inferences
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,scientific - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔ways of studying based on systematic observation;
goals are to describe, explain, predict, and change
behavior - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔an observable action emitted by an organism
mental processes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔thoughts, feelings, and beliefs
structuralism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔early school of thought in psychology, focused on
breaking experience down into its smallest elements or structures
introspection - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔research method used in structuralism, revealed
how the body's sensations could become the mind's perceptions
functionalism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔early school of thought in psychology, focused on
how the mind helps us adapt to our environment
psychoanalytic psychology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔model based on premise that the
unconscious mind is the most powerful influence on personality and psychological
functioning
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,behaviorism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔movement in psychology which began in the early
1900s, based on premise that only behaviors that are directly observable can be
studied scientifically
humanism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔movement in psychology which began in the 1920s,
focused on the uniqueness of individuals and their innate potential for growth
positive psychology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔movement in psychology which began in the
late 1990s, scientifically studies psychological wellness, human strengths, and life-
enhancing behaviors
cognitive science - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔approach to psychology which began in the
mid-1900s, focuses on the active nature of human beings in the construction of
their own experiences and thought processes
behavioral neuroscience - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔the study of brain-behavior relationships
goals of psychology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔a central theme of psychology - to describe,
explain, predict, and change behavior
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, describe - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔part of Theme 1: a goal of psychology - to convey the
characteristics of something using words, after careful and systematic observation -
answers the "what" question
explain - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔part of Theme 1: a goal of psychology - to state what we
believe to be the mechanisms and/or the causes of behavior and mental processes -
answers the "how" and "why" questions
predict - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔part of Theme 1: a goal of psychology - to state what one
thinks will happen in the future - answers the "when" and "what if" questions
change - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔part of Theme 1: a goal of psychology - to control or alter
the course of behavior
empiricism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔systematic observation, the hallmark of science in
general; in psychology - the systematic observation of behavior and mental
processes
B = f (P + E + PE) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔behavior is best understood as a function of
things about the person (inside), things about the environment (outside), and the
complex interaction of person and environment
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