Myers AP Psychology 2nd Edition All
Test Questions and Already Passed
Answers (2025-2026) Update.
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer set up the first psychological laboratory and became known as "the
father of modern psychology
William James - Answer published the first psychology textbook and created the theory of
functionalism
Charles Darwin - Answer studied evolution and thought the strongest species and traits would
survive; gave the idea of natural selection
Mary Calkins - Answer student under William James who should have earned her Ph.D. from
Harvard; Harvard denied her the degree she had earned, offering her a degree from Radcliffe
College, which she refused the degree; she became a memory researcher and the American
Psychological Association's (APA's) first female president in 1905
Margaret Floy Washburn - Answer a functionalist psychologist who was the first woman to
earn a Ph.D
Sigmund Freud - Answer a psychologist who developed psychoanalysis. Believed strongly that
unconscious drives and desires guided people's actions
James Watson - Answer believed in behaviorism, and thought that the focus should be on
what people do instead of what they experience, because behavior can be measured objectively
by anybody
Ivan Pavlov - Answer performed pioneering condition experiments on dogs
B. F. Skinner - Answer pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is
determined by our past of rewards and punishments; he is famous for use of his operant
conditioning apparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pigeons and rats
Carl Rogers - Answer humanistic psychology who founded client-centered therapy
,structuralism - Answer an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the
structural elements of the human mind
functionalism - Answer a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral
process function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish
behaviorism - Answer the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2)
studies behavior without reference to mental processes; most research psychologists today
agree with (1) but not with (2)
biological psychology - Answer a branch of psychology that studies the links between
biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes
evolutionary psychology - Answer the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes
using the principles of natural selection
psychodynamic psychology - Answer a brand of psychology that studies how unconscious
drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with
psychological disorders
behavioral psychology - Answer the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation
by principles of learning
cognitive psychology - Answer the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with
thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
social-cultural psychology - Answer the study of how situations and cultures affect our
behavior and thinking
experimental psychology - Answer the study of behavior and thinking using experimental
method
developmental psychology - Answer the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social
change throughout the life span.
,social Psychology - Answer the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to
one another
industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology - Answer the application of psychology concepts and
methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
human psychology - Answer the study of how people and machines interact and the design of
safe and easily used machines and environments
counseling psychology - Answer a brand of psychology that assists people with problem in
living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
clinical psychology - Answer a brand of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people
with psychological disorders
scientific method - Answer a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test
scientific hypotheses
hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
overconfidence - Answer we tend to think we know more than we do
critical thinking - Answer not blindly accepting arguments and conclusions
theory - Answer an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
hypothesis - Answer a testable prediction
operational definition - Answer a statement of the procedures used to define research
variable
, validity - Answer a measurement that refers to the extent to which any tool measures what it
is intended or claims to quantify
observation - Answer the simplest scientific technique
researcher bias - Answer a tendency for researchers to engage in behaviors and selectively
notice evidence that supports their hypotheses or expectations
participant bias - Answer a tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way
because they know they are being observed, or they believe they know what the researcher
wants
case study - Answer examines one individual in depth in hopes of reveling things true of us all
survey method - Answer research technique in which information is gathered from people
wording effect - Answer the effect that question phrasing and order have on how people
answer surveys
population - Answer the group being studied, from which samples may be drawn
random sample - Answer a sample that fairly represents a population because each member
has an equal change of inclusion
naturalistic observation - Answer observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to control the situation
longitudinal study - Answer technique that studies the same group of individuals over a long
period of time
cross-sectional study - Answer technique that compares individuals from different age groups
at one time
correlation - Answer the measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data
Test Questions and Already Passed
Answers (2025-2026) Update.
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer set up the first psychological laboratory and became known as "the
father of modern psychology
William James - Answer published the first psychology textbook and created the theory of
functionalism
Charles Darwin - Answer studied evolution and thought the strongest species and traits would
survive; gave the idea of natural selection
Mary Calkins - Answer student under William James who should have earned her Ph.D. from
Harvard; Harvard denied her the degree she had earned, offering her a degree from Radcliffe
College, which she refused the degree; she became a memory researcher and the American
Psychological Association's (APA's) first female president in 1905
Margaret Floy Washburn - Answer a functionalist psychologist who was the first woman to
earn a Ph.D
Sigmund Freud - Answer a psychologist who developed psychoanalysis. Believed strongly that
unconscious drives and desires guided people's actions
James Watson - Answer believed in behaviorism, and thought that the focus should be on
what people do instead of what they experience, because behavior can be measured objectively
by anybody
Ivan Pavlov - Answer performed pioneering condition experiments on dogs
B. F. Skinner - Answer pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is
determined by our past of rewards and punishments; he is famous for use of his operant
conditioning apparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pigeons and rats
Carl Rogers - Answer humanistic psychology who founded client-centered therapy
,structuralism - Answer an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the
structural elements of the human mind
functionalism - Answer a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral
process function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish
behaviorism - Answer the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2)
studies behavior without reference to mental processes; most research psychologists today
agree with (1) but not with (2)
biological psychology - Answer a branch of psychology that studies the links between
biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes
evolutionary psychology - Answer the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes
using the principles of natural selection
psychodynamic psychology - Answer a brand of psychology that studies how unconscious
drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with
psychological disorders
behavioral psychology - Answer the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation
by principles of learning
cognitive psychology - Answer the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with
thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
social-cultural psychology - Answer the study of how situations and cultures affect our
behavior and thinking
experimental psychology - Answer the study of behavior and thinking using experimental
method
developmental psychology - Answer the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social
change throughout the life span.
,social Psychology - Answer the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to
one another
industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology - Answer the application of psychology concepts and
methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
human psychology - Answer the study of how people and machines interact and the design of
safe and easily used machines and environments
counseling psychology - Answer a brand of psychology that assists people with problem in
living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
clinical psychology - Answer a brand of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people
with psychological disorders
scientific method - Answer a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test
scientific hypotheses
hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
overconfidence - Answer we tend to think we know more than we do
critical thinking - Answer not blindly accepting arguments and conclusions
theory - Answer an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
hypothesis - Answer a testable prediction
operational definition - Answer a statement of the procedures used to define research
variable
, validity - Answer a measurement that refers to the extent to which any tool measures what it
is intended or claims to quantify
observation - Answer the simplest scientific technique
researcher bias - Answer a tendency for researchers to engage in behaviors and selectively
notice evidence that supports their hypotheses or expectations
participant bias - Answer a tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way
because they know they are being observed, or they believe they know what the researcher
wants
case study - Answer examines one individual in depth in hopes of reveling things true of us all
survey method - Answer research technique in which information is gathered from people
wording effect - Answer the effect that question phrasing and order have on how people
answer surveys
population - Answer the group being studied, from which samples may be drawn
random sample - Answer a sample that fairly represents a population because each member
has an equal change of inclusion
naturalistic observation - Answer observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to control the situation
longitudinal study - Answer technique that studies the same group of individuals over a long
period of time
cross-sectional study - Answer technique that compares individuals from different age groups
at one time
correlation - Answer the measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data
