AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY - PAPER
2: RESEARCH METHODS ALL 100%
VERIFIED
What \is \the \experimental \hypothesis? \- \ANS-What \is \expected \to \happen, \alternative \to \the \null.
- \expect \a \difference \or \correlation
What \is \the \null \hypothesis? \- \ANS-Statement \of \no \difference \
Any \difference \or \correlation \is \due \to \chance
What \is \a \directional \(1 \tailed) \hypothesis? \- \ANS-A \direction \is \predicted.
e.g. \There \is \a \positive \correlation \between \height \and \shoe \size
What \is \a \non-directional \(2 \tailed) \hypothesis? \- \ANS-No \direction \is \predicted \- \can \go \either \way
e.g. \There \is \a \correlation \between \height \and \shoe \size
What \are \the \4 \types \of \variable? \- \ANS-Independent
Dependent \
Extraneous \
Confounding
What \is \the \Independent \Variable? \- \ANS-The \IV \is \changed/manipulated \by \the \researcher
What \is \the \Dependent \Variable? \- \ANS-The \DV \is \measured \by \the \researcher
, What \is \an \extraneous \variable? \- \ANS-something \that \may \affect \the \results \of \the \study \if \not \
controlled
Give \some \examples \of \participant \variables \that \may \affect \an \experiment \- \ANS-mood, \age, \gender
Give \some \situational \variables \that \may \affect \an \experiment \- \ANS-weather, \noise, \light
What \are \confounding \variables? \- \ANS-Extraneous \variables \that \cannot \be \controlled \that \may \have \
affected \the \results \of \the \experiment
Name \3 \controls \for \individual \differences \- \ANS-Sample \size, \Design \and \Allocation
Name \3 \controls \for \situational \variables \- \ANS-1. \Standardise
2. \Counterbalance
What \is \counterbalancing? \- \ANS-Splitting \the \participant \sample \into \2 \equal \halves, \Group \A \
complete \conditions \1 \then \2 \and \Group \B \complete \conditions \2 \then \1.
What \are \demand \characteristics? \- \ANS-Participants \form \an \interpretation \of \what \is \expected \of \
the \study \and \they \change \their \behaviour \accordingly.
Name \2 \controls \to \prevent \demand \characteristics. \- \ANS-Deception
Single \blind \trials
What \is \deception? \- \ANS-Lying \about \the \aim \or \withholding \information \about \the \experiment \to \
prevent \demand \characteristics
What \are \single \blind \trials? \- \ANS-The \participant \is \unaware \of \what \condition \theyre \in \but \the \
experimenter \is \fully \aware
2: RESEARCH METHODS ALL 100%
VERIFIED
What \is \the \experimental \hypothesis? \- \ANS-What \is \expected \to \happen, \alternative \to \the \null.
- \expect \a \difference \or \correlation
What \is \the \null \hypothesis? \- \ANS-Statement \of \no \difference \
Any \difference \or \correlation \is \due \to \chance
What \is \a \directional \(1 \tailed) \hypothesis? \- \ANS-A \direction \is \predicted.
e.g. \There \is \a \positive \correlation \between \height \and \shoe \size
What \is \a \non-directional \(2 \tailed) \hypothesis? \- \ANS-No \direction \is \predicted \- \can \go \either \way
e.g. \There \is \a \correlation \between \height \and \shoe \size
What \are \the \4 \types \of \variable? \- \ANS-Independent
Dependent \
Extraneous \
Confounding
What \is \the \Independent \Variable? \- \ANS-The \IV \is \changed/manipulated \by \the \researcher
What \is \the \Dependent \Variable? \- \ANS-The \DV \is \measured \by \the \researcher
, What \is \an \extraneous \variable? \- \ANS-something \that \may \affect \the \results \of \the \study \if \not \
controlled
Give \some \examples \of \participant \variables \that \may \affect \an \experiment \- \ANS-mood, \age, \gender
Give \some \situational \variables \that \may \affect \an \experiment \- \ANS-weather, \noise, \light
What \are \confounding \variables? \- \ANS-Extraneous \variables \that \cannot \be \controlled \that \may \have \
affected \the \results \of \the \experiment
Name \3 \controls \for \individual \differences \- \ANS-Sample \size, \Design \and \Allocation
Name \3 \controls \for \situational \variables \- \ANS-1. \Standardise
2. \Counterbalance
What \is \counterbalancing? \- \ANS-Splitting \the \participant \sample \into \2 \equal \halves, \Group \A \
complete \conditions \1 \then \2 \and \Group \B \complete \conditions \2 \then \1.
What \are \demand \characteristics? \- \ANS-Participants \form \an \interpretation \of \what \is \expected \of \
the \study \and \they \change \their \behaviour \accordingly.
Name \2 \controls \to \prevent \demand \characteristics. \- \ANS-Deception
Single \blind \trials
What \is \deception? \- \ANS-Lying \about \the \aim \or \withholding \information \about \the \experiment \to \
prevent \demand \characteristics
What \are \single \blind \trials? \- \ANS-The \participant \is \unaware \of \what \condition \theyre \in \but \the \
experimenter \is \fully \aware
