,Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
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cell compartment.
bb bb
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
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potassium ions. bb
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is
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created in the presence of oxygen?
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1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid bb bb bb
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle bb bb bb bb bb
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A bb bb bb
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid bb bb bb bb bb
3. How bb many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
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1. b b b b 2
2. b b b b 3
3. b b b b 34
4. b b b b 53
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids bb
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids bb
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
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1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
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3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
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6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress bb bb bb
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)bb bb bb bb bb bb
3. During a severe hypoxic state bb bb bb bb
4. During the processing of prohormone bb bb bb bb
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the
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lungs?
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1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bb bb bb bb bb bb
, 3. Secretory vesicles bb
4. Endoplasmic reticula bb
8. bb b b Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
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1. Actin and myosin bb bb
2. Prohormone and tubulin bb bb
3. Tubulin and actin bb bb
4. Myosin and prohormone bb bb
9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
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1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes bb
b b 10. b bWhich is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
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1. Accumulation of ganglioside bb bb
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
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3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity bb bb bb bb
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
b b 11. b bWhich statement bb regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
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1. During ER stress, bb bb proteins are rapidly degraded.
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2. During ER stress, bb bb lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
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3. During ER stress, bb bb long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
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4. During ER stress, bb bb nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
bb bb bb bb bb bb
b b 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is
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likely to be involved?
bb bb bb bb
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
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2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
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3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum bb bb bb bb bb
b b 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular
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component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
genetically transferred?
bb bb
1. Transfer RNA bb
2. Ribosomal RNA bb
3. Double helix of DNA bb bb bb
4. Mitochondrial DNA bb
b b 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a
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long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellular hypoxia bb
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema bb
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bb bb bb bb bb bb
, b b 15. b b Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
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1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
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2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
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3. The presence of nucleotides
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4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
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b b 16. b b b b How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
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1. b b 2
b b
2. b b 3
b b
3. b b 4
b b
4. b b 5
b b
b b 17. b bWhich components form the structure of DNA?
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1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids bb
3. Fatty acids bb
4. Phosphates
b b 18. b b Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
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1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell bb bb bb bb
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
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3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
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4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
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b b 19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection.
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Which is the mechanism of action of the drug?
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1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
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2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
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3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
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4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
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b b 20. b b Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
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1. In the ribosomes
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2. In the Golgi apparatus
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3. In the secretory granules
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4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
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b b 21. b bWhich is the cell’s “master mind”?
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1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus bb
4. Endoplasmic reticulum bb
Multiple Response
bb
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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b b 22. b b b b Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
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Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bb bb bb bb bb bb
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Multiple Choice
bb
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
cell compartment.
bb bb
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
potassium ions. bb
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
created in the presence of oxygen?
bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid bb bb bb
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle bb bb bb bb bb
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A bb bb bb
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid bb bb bb bb bb
3. How bb many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. b b b b 2
2. b b b b 3
3. b b b b 34
4. b b b b 53
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids bb
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids bb
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
bb bb bb bb bb
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress bb bb bb
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)bb bb bb bb bb bb
3. During a severe hypoxic state bb bb bb bb
4. During the processing of prohormone bb bb bb bb
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
lungs?
bb
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bb bb bb bb bb bb
, 3. Secretory vesicles bb
4. Endoplasmic reticula bb
8. bb b b Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. Actin and myosin bb bb
2. Prohormone and tubulin bb bb
3. Tubulin and actin bb bb
4. Myosin and prohormone bb bb
9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes bb
b b 10. b bWhich is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
bb bb bb bb bb
1. Accumulation of ganglioside bb bb
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
bb bb bb bb
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity bb bb bb bb
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
b b 11. b bWhich statement bb regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. During ER stress, bb bb proteins are rapidly degraded.
bb bb bb bb
2. During ER stress, bb bb lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
3. During ER stress, bb bb long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
4. During ER stress, bb bb nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
bb bb bb bb bb bb
b b 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is
b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
likely to be involved?
bb bb bb bb
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum bb bb bb bb bb
b b 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular
b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
genetically transferred?
bb bb
1. Transfer RNA bb
2. Ribosomal RNA bb
3. Double helix of DNA bb bb bb
4. Mitochondrial DNA bb
b b 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a
b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. Cellular hypoxia bb
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema bb
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bb bb bb bb bb bb
, b b 15. b b Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
bb bb bb bb
2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
bb bb bb bb
3. The presence of nucleotides
bb bb bb
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
bb bb bb bb bb
b b 16. b b b b How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. b b 2
b b
2. b b 3
b b
3. b b 4
b b
4. b b 5
b b
b b 17. b bWhich components form the structure of DNA?
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1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids bb
3. Fatty acids bb
4. Phosphates
b b 18. b b Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
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1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell bb bb bb bb
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
b b 19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection.
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Which is the mechanism of action of the drug?
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1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
bb bb bb bb bb
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
bb bb bb bb bb bb
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
bb bb bb bb bb bb
b b 20. b b Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
1. In the ribosomes
bb bb
2. In the Golgi apparatus
bb bb bb
3. In the secretory granules
bb bb bb
4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
bb bb bb
b b 21. b bWhich is the cell’s “master mind”?
bb bb bb bb bb
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus bb
4. Endoplasmic reticulum bb
Multiple Response
bb
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
b b 22. b b b b Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bb bb bb bb bb bb
