CCI RCS STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What 2D view is best to assess the interatrial septum? ANSW✅✅Subcostal 4 chamber
M-mode demonstration of mid-systolic closure of pulmonary valve along with decreased "a" wave is
most consistent with ? ANSW✅✅Pulmonary hypertension
False overriding of aorta may be produced on m-mode echo by? ANSW✅✅Positioning transducer
too high in intercostal space.
What's the most common cause of mitral stenosis ? ANSW✅✅Rheumatic disease
atrial fibrillation is most commonly caused by? ANSW✅✅Rheumatic mitral stenosis
Doppler measures a pressure drop (gradient) by the Bernoulli equation. This equation usually
measures the _________ gradient across the valve. ANSW✅✅Peak instantaneous
When a patient has a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis: ANSW✅✅Pericardial effusion may not
present on echo
In normal patients, most ventricular filling occurs: ANSW✅✅With atrial contraction
The patient you're examining has clear cut auscultatory and angiographic evidence of or mitral
prolapse, yet the resting echocardiogram is normal. You should then do what? ANSW✅✅Echo the
patient in the standing position
When does Tricuspid valve closure normally occurs? ANSW✅✅Less than .06 seconds after mitral
valve closure
What is Kawasaki's disease? ANSW✅✅A condition that causes inflammation in the walls of some
blood vessels
,What can Kawasaki's disease lead to ? ANSW✅✅Coronary artery disease
A 2D echo shows increased wall thickness of ventricular walls but normal left ventricular size. The
myocardium has a speckled appearance, what type of myopathy might be present?
ANSW✅✅Infiltrative
What is infiltrative myopathy? ANSW✅✅Cardiac disease characterized by deposition of abnormal
substances within heart tissue that causes ventricular walls to develop diastolic dysfunction.
What is congestive myopathy? ANSW✅✅AKA dilated cardiomyopathy. It's when the heart
becomes stretched and weakened and unable to pump effectively
What is ischemic myopathy? ANSW✅✅Occurs when heart muscle seems weakened. Can result
from coronary artery disease
What is hypertrophic obstructive myopathy? ANSW✅✅Thickening of ventricular walls.
* could affect mitral valve and cause regurgitation.
* when muscles don't block blood flow but are thickened it's call "non-obstructive hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy"
Which 2D views are best to image a discrete subaortic membrane? ANSW✅✅Apical 5 chamber
Apical long axis
What is discrete subaortic membrane? ANSW✅✅Leading cause of discrete subaortic stenosis
which obstructs the left ventricular outflow track
What is ostium secundum atrial septal defect? ANSW✅✅It's an abnormally large opening in the
atrial septum at the site of the foramen ovale
What is ostium premum? ANSW✅✅AKA endocardial cushion defect. It's a defect in the atrial
septum at the level of the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve. Affects portion where the atrial
septum meets ventricular septum.
* this is the most common congenital heart defect associated with Down syndrome.
, Premature opening of the pulmonary valve may be seen in ? ANSW✅✅Constrictive pericarditis
What is constrictive pericarditis? ANSW✅✅Long-term or chronic inflammation of pericardium
An underestimation of the severity of aortic stenosis by continuous wave Doppler may occur with?
ANSW✅✅Low cardiac output
Estimation of the mitral valve area from Doppler is calculated by the ? ANSW✅✅Pressure half-
time
Doppler ultrasound may show retrograde flow velocities within the ascending aorta during diastole
in the presence of ? ANSW✅✅Aortic regurgitation
A patient with a recent myocardial infarction is diagnosed with Dressler's syndrome. A 2D study
should be performed to rule out what ? ANSW✅✅Pericardial effusion
In a patient with mitral stenosis, a continuous wave Doppler study shows a peak diastolic velocity of
2m/s. What would be the peak pressure gradient across the mitral valve? ANSW✅✅16mmHg
What is tricuspid atresia? ANSW✅✅Congenital heart disease where the tricuspid valve is missing
or abnormally developed.
* the defect blocks blood flow from right atria to right ventricle.
In patients with tricuspid atresia, blood flow will shunt from right atrium to left atrium through
what? ANSW✅✅Patent foramen ovale
A 22 year old patient with Down syndrome is referred to an echo lab. The most common lesion
associated with these patients is ? ANSW✅✅Atrioventricular septal defect
What is tetralogy of fallot? ANSW✅✅Combination of 4 heart defects
- Ventricular septal defect
- pulmonary stenosis
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What 2D view is best to assess the interatrial septum? ANSW✅✅Subcostal 4 chamber
M-mode demonstration of mid-systolic closure of pulmonary valve along with decreased "a" wave is
most consistent with ? ANSW✅✅Pulmonary hypertension
False overriding of aorta may be produced on m-mode echo by? ANSW✅✅Positioning transducer
too high in intercostal space.
What's the most common cause of mitral stenosis ? ANSW✅✅Rheumatic disease
atrial fibrillation is most commonly caused by? ANSW✅✅Rheumatic mitral stenosis
Doppler measures a pressure drop (gradient) by the Bernoulli equation. This equation usually
measures the _________ gradient across the valve. ANSW✅✅Peak instantaneous
When a patient has a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis: ANSW✅✅Pericardial effusion may not
present on echo
In normal patients, most ventricular filling occurs: ANSW✅✅With atrial contraction
The patient you're examining has clear cut auscultatory and angiographic evidence of or mitral
prolapse, yet the resting echocardiogram is normal. You should then do what? ANSW✅✅Echo the
patient in the standing position
When does Tricuspid valve closure normally occurs? ANSW✅✅Less than .06 seconds after mitral
valve closure
What is Kawasaki's disease? ANSW✅✅A condition that causes inflammation in the walls of some
blood vessels
,What can Kawasaki's disease lead to ? ANSW✅✅Coronary artery disease
A 2D echo shows increased wall thickness of ventricular walls but normal left ventricular size. The
myocardium has a speckled appearance, what type of myopathy might be present?
ANSW✅✅Infiltrative
What is infiltrative myopathy? ANSW✅✅Cardiac disease characterized by deposition of abnormal
substances within heart tissue that causes ventricular walls to develop diastolic dysfunction.
What is congestive myopathy? ANSW✅✅AKA dilated cardiomyopathy. It's when the heart
becomes stretched and weakened and unable to pump effectively
What is ischemic myopathy? ANSW✅✅Occurs when heart muscle seems weakened. Can result
from coronary artery disease
What is hypertrophic obstructive myopathy? ANSW✅✅Thickening of ventricular walls.
* could affect mitral valve and cause regurgitation.
* when muscles don't block blood flow but are thickened it's call "non-obstructive hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy"
Which 2D views are best to image a discrete subaortic membrane? ANSW✅✅Apical 5 chamber
Apical long axis
What is discrete subaortic membrane? ANSW✅✅Leading cause of discrete subaortic stenosis
which obstructs the left ventricular outflow track
What is ostium secundum atrial septal defect? ANSW✅✅It's an abnormally large opening in the
atrial septum at the site of the foramen ovale
What is ostium premum? ANSW✅✅AKA endocardial cushion defect. It's a defect in the atrial
septum at the level of the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve. Affects portion where the atrial
septum meets ventricular septum.
* this is the most common congenital heart defect associated with Down syndrome.
, Premature opening of the pulmonary valve may be seen in ? ANSW✅✅Constrictive pericarditis
What is constrictive pericarditis? ANSW✅✅Long-term or chronic inflammation of pericardium
An underestimation of the severity of aortic stenosis by continuous wave Doppler may occur with?
ANSW✅✅Low cardiac output
Estimation of the mitral valve area from Doppler is calculated by the ? ANSW✅✅Pressure half-
time
Doppler ultrasound may show retrograde flow velocities within the ascending aorta during diastole
in the presence of ? ANSW✅✅Aortic regurgitation
A patient with a recent myocardial infarction is diagnosed with Dressler's syndrome. A 2D study
should be performed to rule out what ? ANSW✅✅Pericardial effusion
In a patient with mitral stenosis, a continuous wave Doppler study shows a peak diastolic velocity of
2m/s. What would be the peak pressure gradient across the mitral valve? ANSW✅✅16mmHg
What is tricuspid atresia? ANSW✅✅Congenital heart disease where the tricuspid valve is missing
or abnormally developed.
* the defect blocks blood flow from right atria to right ventricle.
In patients with tricuspid atresia, blood flow will shunt from right atrium to left atrium through
what? ANSW✅✅Patent foramen ovale
A 22 year old patient with Down syndrome is referred to an echo lab. The most common lesion
associated with these patients is ? ANSW✅✅Atrioventricular septal defect
What is tetralogy of fallot? ANSW✅✅Combination of 4 heart defects
- Ventricular septal defect
- pulmonary stenosis
