HOSA Pathophysiology Muscoskeletal
latest Answers graded A+
HOSA Pathophysiology Muscoskeletal
latest Answers 2025 graded A+
Pathological Bone Fractures -
✅bone breaks because of underlying disease that has weakened the bone
Stress Bone Fractures -
✅bone placed under extreme or unusual forces, MVA, falls, sports injuries are
examples
Open Fracture -
✅broken bone end protrudes through skin
closed fracture -
✅no penetration of skin
comminuted fracture -
✅multiple bone fragments
linear fracture -
✅along long axis of bone
oblique fracture -
✅at an angle to long axis of bone
impacted fracture -
✅fragments pushed into each other
spiral fracture -
✅break forms twisted line, torque on bone, spiral fracture of tibia is a common ski
injury
transverse fracture -
✅across the long axis
greenstick fracture -
✅partial break
transchondral fracture -
✅through cartilage or growth plate
bone reduction -
✅realign bone fragments to their normal anatomic position
, HOSA Pathophysiology Muscoskeletal
latest Answers graded A+
callus formation -
✅healing of fractures, takes from weeks up to 6 months, phagocytes remove
cellular debris, osteoblasts synthesize collagen and matrix which mineralizes into a
callus
remodeling -
✅healing of fractures, takes several months, callus is replaced with trabeculae
(spongy bone), spongy bone is replaced with compact bone
subluxation -
✅partial loss of contact between articular surfaces
dislocation -
✅complete loss of contact between articular surfaces
sprain -
✅a partial tear of a ligament (at a joint), common in the wrist, elbow, ankle and
knee
strain -
✅a partial tear of a muscle or its tendon (which can also transverse a joint), sudden
forced motion causing the muscle to become stretched beyond its normal capacity
(local muscle damage)
avulsion -
✅separation of a tendon or ligament from its bony attachment
tendinopathy -
✅any disease of a tendon, slow to heal, normal organized collagen replaced with
weaker, disorganized collagen
epicondylopathy -
✅a type of tendinopathy, where it attaches to a bony epicondyle such as those on
the humerus, radius, and ulna
bursitis -
✅inflammation of the bursae, usually caused by repeated trauma such as forceful
rubbing of the bursa
septic bursitis -
✅caused by a wound infection
rhabdomyolysis -
latest Answers graded A+
HOSA Pathophysiology Muscoskeletal
latest Answers 2025 graded A+
Pathological Bone Fractures -
✅bone breaks because of underlying disease that has weakened the bone
Stress Bone Fractures -
✅bone placed under extreme or unusual forces, MVA, falls, sports injuries are
examples
Open Fracture -
✅broken bone end protrudes through skin
closed fracture -
✅no penetration of skin
comminuted fracture -
✅multiple bone fragments
linear fracture -
✅along long axis of bone
oblique fracture -
✅at an angle to long axis of bone
impacted fracture -
✅fragments pushed into each other
spiral fracture -
✅break forms twisted line, torque on bone, spiral fracture of tibia is a common ski
injury
transverse fracture -
✅across the long axis
greenstick fracture -
✅partial break
transchondral fracture -
✅through cartilage or growth plate
bone reduction -
✅realign bone fragments to their normal anatomic position
, HOSA Pathophysiology Muscoskeletal
latest Answers graded A+
callus formation -
✅healing of fractures, takes from weeks up to 6 months, phagocytes remove
cellular debris, osteoblasts synthesize collagen and matrix which mineralizes into a
callus
remodeling -
✅healing of fractures, takes several months, callus is replaced with trabeculae
(spongy bone), spongy bone is replaced with compact bone
subluxation -
✅partial loss of contact between articular surfaces
dislocation -
✅complete loss of contact between articular surfaces
sprain -
✅a partial tear of a ligament (at a joint), common in the wrist, elbow, ankle and
knee
strain -
✅a partial tear of a muscle or its tendon (which can also transverse a joint), sudden
forced motion causing the muscle to become stretched beyond its normal capacity
(local muscle damage)
avulsion -
✅separation of a tendon or ligament from its bony attachment
tendinopathy -
✅any disease of a tendon, slow to heal, normal organized collagen replaced with
weaker, disorganized collagen
epicondylopathy -
✅a type of tendinopathy, where it attaches to a bony epicondyle such as those on
the humerus, radius, and ulna
bursitis -
✅inflammation of the bursae, usually caused by repeated trauma such as forceful
rubbing of the bursa
septic bursitis -
✅caused by a wound infection
rhabdomyolysis -
