HESI A2 BIOLOGY V1/V2 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following is a correct description of metaphase during mitosis?
The nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes begin to attach to the
spindle that forms along the axis of the cell.
Chromosomes gather on either side of the now seperating cell.
Chromosomes start to separate.
Chromosomes align along the center of the cell. - Answer- Chromosomes align
along the center of the cell
Where can ribosomes be found inside a cell?
Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm.
Only in the cytoplasm.
Only attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
None of the above. - Answer- Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and in the
cytoplasm.
Ribosomes can be found in two places: attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
(Rough ER) or free floating in the cytoplasm.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
To provide intracellular digestion.
To provide transportation of materials throughout the cell.
To uptake food through the cell membrane.
To produce cellular respiration. - Answer- To provide transportation of materials
throughout the cell
What characteristic of water allows for hydrogen bonding between molecules?
Its high specific heat.
Its cohesive properties.
Its covalent bonds.
Its polar nature - Answer- It's polar nature
Although all the other characteristics about water are true, water's polar nature is
what allows for hydrogen bonding between molecules.
Which of the following is the MOST inclusive in the hierarchic system of
organization?
,Kingdom.
Class.
Genus.
Species - Answer- Kingdom
In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
G1
S
G2
D1 - Answer- The G1, S, and G2 phases are called interphase. S phase is when
DNA is replicated. (G1 = growth phase, G2 = second growth phase and preparation
for division). There is no such thing as the D1 phase.
Which of the following processes reduces cells originally classified as diploid to
haploid?
Meiosis.
Mitosis.
Both meiosis and mitosis.
Neither meiosis and mitosis - Answer- Meiosis is a process of cellular division where
cells begin as diploid and end as haploid.
Which of the following is an example of a cell created by meiosis?
Kidney cell.
Sperm cell.
Brain cell.
Skin cell. - Answer- Sperm contain 23 chromosomes that are combined with another
23 from an egg to produce a diploid combination. Meiosis replicates sex, or sperm,
cells and mitosis replicates somatic, or body, cells.
The Krebs cycle is a process described as:
the creation of ATP and Pyruvate.
the creation of GTP and NADH.
the process by which plants take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
a linear method of creating energy - Answer- the creation of GTP and NADH
This description is the most correct. The Krebs cycle involves creating energy in the
form of 2 GTPs (which convert to ATP) and NADH (and FAHD2 which donate the
electrons to the ETC), not harvesting it, and it is not only used by plants. In addition,
it is cyclical, not linear. ATP and Pyruvate are created by glycolysis.
The plasma membranes of cells are composed of:
a single layer of phospholipid molecules.
a bilayer of phospholipid molecules.
proteins that act as transport highways.
,mitochondria - Answer- a bilayer of phospholipid molecules
Which of the following activities does NOT lead to cellular energy production?
Glycolysis.
Gluconeogenesis.
Oxidative Phosphorylation.
Cellular Respiration. - Answer- Gluconeogenesis
Cellular respiration leads to glycolysis while Oxidative Phosphorylation (a type of
cellular respiration), and both create energy by catabolism. Gluconeogenesis is the
creation of sugar using energy.
Using garden peas, which of the following scientists discovered the basic principles
of genetics?
Galileo.
Mendel.
Curie.
Hawking - Answer- Gregor Mendel discovered, through careful experimentation with
garden peas, that there existed genetic properties to account for certain
characteristics.
The alternative versions of a single gene are known as:
traits
characteristics.
RNA.
alleles. - Answer- alleles
What device makes it possible to predict the genotype and phenotype of the
offspring of sexual reproduction?
Punnett square.
Chi square.
PCR.
Microscope - Answer- Punnett square
The traits which an organism shows (as opposed to what its genes code for), is
known by which of the following terms?
Phenotype.
Genotype.
Stereotype.
Classification - Answer- Phenotype
An organism that has a genotype of two dominant alleles for one gene is:
Heterozygous.
Homozygous.
, Multiparous.
Nulliparous - Answer- Homozygous
The method by which mRNA is created is begun by which of the following
processes?
Replication
Translation
Splitting
Transcription - Answer- Transcription is the first step in the creation of mRNA from a
strand of DNA.
Which scientists are responsible for describing the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick.
B Watson and Holmes.
C Holmes and Croiger.
D Brown and Curie - Answer- Francis Crick and James D. Watson are the scientists
responsible for describing the double helix structure of DNA.
All genes can be described using the Punnett Square method. True or False? -
Answer- False. There are many more complicated forms of genetic expression
available than the simple genetics represented by the Punnett Square.
The term pleiotropy is best defined as:
A condition in which multiple genes are missing.
A situation in which one gene remains unexpressed.
One gene influencing multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
Two genes affected by a single allele. - Answer- One gene influencing multiple,
seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
Pleiotropy describes conditions where one gene has multiple effects on phenotypic
traits. The prefix pleio- means "many," or "more," and -tropy means "way."
Which molecules are responsible for the base pairing action in DNA?
Phosphate groups.
B Sugar molecules.
C Nitrogenous bases.
D Codons - Answer- Nitrogenous bases
Base pairs are formed by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases (ATGC)
while the sugar and phosphate make up the 'back bone'.
Glycolysis is the conversion of _______ to ______ in the process of cellular
respiration.
Glucose, pyruvate.
B Pyruvate, glucose.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following is a correct description of metaphase during mitosis?
The nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes begin to attach to the
spindle that forms along the axis of the cell.
Chromosomes gather on either side of the now seperating cell.
Chromosomes start to separate.
Chromosomes align along the center of the cell. - Answer- Chromosomes align
along the center of the cell
Where can ribosomes be found inside a cell?
Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm.
Only in the cytoplasm.
Only attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
None of the above. - Answer- Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and in the
cytoplasm.
Ribosomes can be found in two places: attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
(Rough ER) or free floating in the cytoplasm.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
To provide intracellular digestion.
To provide transportation of materials throughout the cell.
To uptake food through the cell membrane.
To produce cellular respiration. - Answer- To provide transportation of materials
throughout the cell
What characteristic of water allows for hydrogen bonding between molecules?
Its high specific heat.
Its cohesive properties.
Its covalent bonds.
Its polar nature - Answer- It's polar nature
Although all the other characteristics about water are true, water's polar nature is
what allows for hydrogen bonding between molecules.
Which of the following is the MOST inclusive in the hierarchic system of
organization?
,Kingdom.
Class.
Genus.
Species - Answer- Kingdom
In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
G1
S
G2
D1 - Answer- The G1, S, and G2 phases are called interphase. S phase is when
DNA is replicated. (G1 = growth phase, G2 = second growth phase and preparation
for division). There is no such thing as the D1 phase.
Which of the following processes reduces cells originally classified as diploid to
haploid?
Meiosis.
Mitosis.
Both meiosis and mitosis.
Neither meiosis and mitosis - Answer- Meiosis is a process of cellular division where
cells begin as diploid and end as haploid.
Which of the following is an example of a cell created by meiosis?
Kidney cell.
Sperm cell.
Brain cell.
Skin cell. - Answer- Sperm contain 23 chromosomes that are combined with another
23 from an egg to produce a diploid combination. Meiosis replicates sex, or sperm,
cells and mitosis replicates somatic, or body, cells.
The Krebs cycle is a process described as:
the creation of ATP and Pyruvate.
the creation of GTP and NADH.
the process by which plants take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
a linear method of creating energy - Answer- the creation of GTP and NADH
This description is the most correct. The Krebs cycle involves creating energy in the
form of 2 GTPs (which convert to ATP) and NADH (and FAHD2 which donate the
electrons to the ETC), not harvesting it, and it is not only used by plants. In addition,
it is cyclical, not linear. ATP and Pyruvate are created by glycolysis.
The plasma membranes of cells are composed of:
a single layer of phospholipid molecules.
a bilayer of phospholipid molecules.
proteins that act as transport highways.
,mitochondria - Answer- a bilayer of phospholipid molecules
Which of the following activities does NOT lead to cellular energy production?
Glycolysis.
Gluconeogenesis.
Oxidative Phosphorylation.
Cellular Respiration. - Answer- Gluconeogenesis
Cellular respiration leads to glycolysis while Oxidative Phosphorylation (a type of
cellular respiration), and both create energy by catabolism. Gluconeogenesis is the
creation of sugar using energy.
Using garden peas, which of the following scientists discovered the basic principles
of genetics?
Galileo.
Mendel.
Curie.
Hawking - Answer- Gregor Mendel discovered, through careful experimentation with
garden peas, that there existed genetic properties to account for certain
characteristics.
The alternative versions of a single gene are known as:
traits
characteristics.
RNA.
alleles. - Answer- alleles
What device makes it possible to predict the genotype and phenotype of the
offspring of sexual reproduction?
Punnett square.
Chi square.
PCR.
Microscope - Answer- Punnett square
The traits which an organism shows (as opposed to what its genes code for), is
known by which of the following terms?
Phenotype.
Genotype.
Stereotype.
Classification - Answer- Phenotype
An organism that has a genotype of two dominant alleles for one gene is:
Heterozygous.
Homozygous.
, Multiparous.
Nulliparous - Answer- Homozygous
The method by which mRNA is created is begun by which of the following
processes?
Replication
Translation
Splitting
Transcription - Answer- Transcription is the first step in the creation of mRNA from a
strand of DNA.
Which scientists are responsible for describing the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick.
B Watson and Holmes.
C Holmes and Croiger.
D Brown and Curie - Answer- Francis Crick and James D. Watson are the scientists
responsible for describing the double helix structure of DNA.
All genes can be described using the Punnett Square method. True or False? -
Answer- False. There are many more complicated forms of genetic expression
available than the simple genetics represented by the Punnett Square.
The term pleiotropy is best defined as:
A condition in which multiple genes are missing.
A situation in which one gene remains unexpressed.
One gene influencing multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
Two genes affected by a single allele. - Answer- One gene influencing multiple,
seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
Pleiotropy describes conditions where one gene has multiple effects on phenotypic
traits. The prefix pleio- means "many," or "more," and -tropy means "way."
Which molecules are responsible for the base pairing action in DNA?
Phosphate groups.
B Sugar molecules.
C Nitrogenous bases.
D Codons - Answer- Nitrogenous bases
Base pairs are formed by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases (ATGC)
while the sugar and phosphate make up the 'back bone'.
Glycolysis is the conversion of _______ to ______ in the process of cellular
respiration.
Glucose, pyruvate.
B Pyruvate, glucose.
