NURS 290 Exam 2 with 112 Graded A+.

NURS 290 Exam 2 with 112 Graded A+.
NURS 290 Exam 2 with 112 Graded A+.
Active transport - ANSWER The active (energy-requiring) movement of a substance between different
tissues via pumping mechanisms contained within cell membranes.



Diffusion - ANSWER The passive movement of a substance (e.g., a drug) between different tissues from
areas of higher concentration. (Compare with active transport



neonate - ANSWER pertaining to a person younger than 1 month of age; newborn infant



Older adult - ANSWER pertaining to a person who is 65 years of age or older



Pediatric - ANSWER pertaining to a person who is 12 years of age or younger



Polypharmacy - ANSWER The use of many different drugs concurrently in treating a patient, who often
has several health problems.



Pregnancy category A - ANSWER no risk to fetus



Pregnancy category B - ANSWER No risk to animal fetus; information for human fetus not available



Pregnancy category C - ANSWER Adverse effects reported in the animal fetus; information for humans is
not available



Pregnancy category D - ANSWER Possible fetal risk in humans has been reported; however, in selected
cases consideration of the potential benefit versus risk may warrant use of these drugs in pregnant
women.



Pregnancy Category X - ANSWER Fetal abnormalities have been reported, and positive evidence of fetal
risk in humans is available from animal and/or human studies. These drugs are not to be used in
pregnant women.

,NURS 290 Exam 2 with 112 Graded A+.

Opiods - ANSWER Drug complications: Confusion, constipation, urinary retention, nausea, vomiting,
respiratory depression, falls



nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - ANSWER Drug complications: Edema, nausea, gastric
ulceration, bleeding, renal toxicity



anticoagulant (heparin, warfarin) - ANSWER Drug complications: Major and minor bleeding episodes,
many drug interactions, dietary interactions



Anticholinergics - ANSWER Drug complications: blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, confusion,
urinary retention, tachycardia



Antidepressants - ANSWER Drug complications: sedation and strong anticholinergic adverse effects



Antihypertensives - ANSWER Drug complications: nausea, hypotension, diarrhea, bradycardia, heart
failure, impotence



Cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin) - ANSWER Drug complications: Visual disorders, nausea, diarrhea,
dysrhythmias, hallucinations, decreased appetite, weight loss



Sedatives and hypnotonics - ANSWER Drug complications: confusion, daytime sedation, ataxia, lethargy,
increased risk for falls



Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants (muscle relaxants, opioids) - ANSWER Drug complications:
sedation, weakness, dry mouth, confusion, urinary retention, ataxia



Thiazides diuretics - ANSWER Drug complications: electrolyte imbalance, rashes, fatigue, leg cramps,
dehydration



Bladder flow obstruction - ANSWER anticholinergics, antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants

, NURS 290 Exam 2 with 112 Graded A+.
Clotting disorders - ANSWER NSAIDs, aspirin, antiplatelet drugs



chronic constipation - ANSWER calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, anticholinergics



chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - ANSWER Long-acting sedatives or hypnotics, narcotics,
beta blockers



heart failure and hypertension - ANSWER sodium, decongestants, amphetamines, over the counter cold
products



insomnia - ANSWER Decongestants, bronchodilators, monoamine oxidase inhibitors



Parkinson's disease - ANSWER Antipsychotics, phenothiazines



syncope, falls - ANSWER sedatives, hypnotics, opioids, CNS depressants, muscle relaxants,
antidepressants, antihypertensives



Bias - ANSWER any systematic error in a measurement process



black box warning - ANSWER A type of warning that appears in a drug's prescribing information and is
required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to alert prescribers of serious adverse events
that have occurred with the given drug.



Blinded investigational drug study - ANSWER A research design in which the subjects are purposely
unaware of whether the substance they are administered is the drug under study or a placebo. This
method serves to minimize bias on the part of research subjects in reporting their body's responses to
investigational drugs.



controlled substances - ANSWER Any drugs listed on one of the "schedules" of the Controlled Substance
Act