BSC 2085 Exam 2 questions with accurate
answers
2 methods of joint classification Ans✓✓✓ 1) Functional classification
is based on range of motion of the joint
2) Structural classification relies on the anatomical organization of the
joint
3 functional classifications of joints Ans✓✓✓ 1. Synarthrosis
(immovable joint)
2. Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable joint)
3. Diarthrosis (freely movable joint)
4 structural classifications of joints Ans✓✓✓ 1. Bony - synotoses
(synarthroses)
2. Fibrous - sutures and gomphoses (synarthroses); syndesmoses
(amphiarthroses)
3. Cartilaginous - synchondroses (synarthroses) and symphyses
(amphiarthroses)
4. Synovial - only diarthroses
5 main functions of the Integumentary System? Ans✓✓✓ 1. Protection
of underlying tissues and organs
2. Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)
3. Maintenance of body temperature (insulation and evaporation)
4. Production of melanin, keratin, vitamin D3, and storage of lipids
,5. Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
PEMPD
6 Functional Classification of Synovial Joints Ans✓✓✓ 1. Gliding -
flattened or slightly curved faces, limited motion (nonaxial/multiaxial)
2. Hinge - angular motion in a single plane (monaxial)
3. Pivot - rotation only (monaxial)
4. Condylar - oval articular face within a depression, motion in two
planes (biaxial)
5. Saddle - two concave, straddled (biaxial)
6. Ball-and-socket - round articular face in a depression (triaxial)
Accessory Structure Ans✓✓✓ Originate in the dermis
Extend through the epidermis to skin surface. Includes:
Hair, Nails, Multicellular exocrine glands
Appositional Growth Ans✓✓✓ -Compact bone thickens and
strengthens long bone with layers of circumferential lamellae
-As bone growth occurs to the outer surface, osteoclasts remove bone
matrix located at the inner surface (usually at a slower rate)
-Causes enlargement of medullary cavity as bone gets larger in diameter
Are pain receptors found inside synovial joints? Ans✓✓✓ no, pain
receptors are not found on the inside of synovial joints. Pain felt due to
,joint damage results from nerves that monitor the capsule, ligaments,
and tendons
Blood Supply of Mature Bones Ans✓✓✓ 1. Nutrient artery and vein
-A single pair of large blood vessels
-Enter the diaphysis through the nutrient foramen
-Femur has more than one pair
2. Metaphyseal vessels
-Supply the epiphyseal cartilage
-Where bone growth occurs
3. Periosteal vessels
-Blood to superficial osteons
-Secondary ossification centers
Can wrinkles be treated? Ans✓✓✓ Yes Wrinkles can be treated with
Retin- A (vitamin A derivative) to stimulate skin repair. Effectiveness
varies between individuals
Causes of arthritis Ans✓✓✓ caused by bacterial/viral infection, injury,
physical stress, metabolic problems
Cells of Stratum Granulosum Ans✓✓✓ -Produce protein fibers
-Dehydrate and die (organelles disintegrate)
-Create tightly interlocked layer of keratin surrounded by keratohyalin
, -Keratohylain cross links keratin and dehydrates cell
Cleavage (tension/Langer) lines Ans✓✓✓ establish important patterns
A parallel cut remains shut, heals well
A cut across (right angle) pulls open and scars
Note: surgeons choose incisions parallel to the cleavage lines to reduce
scarring
Define Rheumatism Ans✓✓✓ A pain and stiffness of skeletal and
muscular systems
Describe Amphiarthroses joints. How many types? Ans✓✓✓ More
movable than synarthrosis
Stronger than freely movable joint
Two types of amphiarthroses
Describe Bursae (Singular, bursa) function, location and structure
Ans✓✓✓ a pouch
Pockets of synovial fluid, lined by synovial membrane
Cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub
Describe cartilage function and structure ? Ans✓✓✓ Cushion the joint
Fibrocartilage pad called a meniscus (or articular disc; plural, menisci),
located between opposing bones in synovial joint
answers
2 methods of joint classification Ans✓✓✓ 1) Functional classification
is based on range of motion of the joint
2) Structural classification relies on the anatomical organization of the
joint
3 functional classifications of joints Ans✓✓✓ 1. Synarthrosis
(immovable joint)
2. Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable joint)
3. Diarthrosis (freely movable joint)
4 structural classifications of joints Ans✓✓✓ 1. Bony - synotoses
(synarthroses)
2. Fibrous - sutures and gomphoses (synarthroses); syndesmoses
(amphiarthroses)
3. Cartilaginous - synchondroses (synarthroses) and symphyses
(amphiarthroses)
4. Synovial - only diarthroses
5 main functions of the Integumentary System? Ans✓✓✓ 1. Protection
of underlying tissues and organs
2. Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)
3. Maintenance of body temperature (insulation and evaporation)
4. Production of melanin, keratin, vitamin D3, and storage of lipids
,5. Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
PEMPD
6 Functional Classification of Synovial Joints Ans✓✓✓ 1. Gliding -
flattened or slightly curved faces, limited motion (nonaxial/multiaxial)
2. Hinge - angular motion in a single plane (monaxial)
3. Pivot - rotation only (monaxial)
4. Condylar - oval articular face within a depression, motion in two
planes (biaxial)
5. Saddle - two concave, straddled (biaxial)
6. Ball-and-socket - round articular face in a depression (triaxial)
Accessory Structure Ans✓✓✓ Originate in the dermis
Extend through the epidermis to skin surface. Includes:
Hair, Nails, Multicellular exocrine glands
Appositional Growth Ans✓✓✓ -Compact bone thickens and
strengthens long bone with layers of circumferential lamellae
-As bone growth occurs to the outer surface, osteoclasts remove bone
matrix located at the inner surface (usually at a slower rate)
-Causes enlargement of medullary cavity as bone gets larger in diameter
Are pain receptors found inside synovial joints? Ans✓✓✓ no, pain
receptors are not found on the inside of synovial joints. Pain felt due to
,joint damage results from nerves that monitor the capsule, ligaments,
and tendons
Blood Supply of Mature Bones Ans✓✓✓ 1. Nutrient artery and vein
-A single pair of large blood vessels
-Enter the diaphysis through the nutrient foramen
-Femur has more than one pair
2. Metaphyseal vessels
-Supply the epiphyseal cartilage
-Where bone growth occurs
3. Periosteal vessels
-Blood to superficial osteons
-Secondary ossification centers
Can wrinkles be treated? Ans✓✓✓ Yes Wrinkles can be treated with
Retin- A (vitamin A derivative) to stimulate skin repair. Effectiveness
varies between individuals
Causes of arthritis Ans✓✓✓ caused by bacterial/viral infection, injury,
physical stress, metabolic problems
Cells of Stratum Granulosum Ans✓✓✓ -Produce protein fibers
-Dehydrate and die (organelles disintegrate)
-Create tightly interlocked layer of keratin surrounded by keratohyalin
, -Keratohylain cross links keratin and dehydrates cell
Cleavage (tension/Langer) lines Ans✓✓✓ establish important patterns
A parallel cut remains shut, heals well
A cut across (right angle) pulls open and scars
Note: surgeons choose incisions parallel to the cleavage lines to reduce
scarring
Define Rheumatism Ans✓✓✓ A pain and stiffness of skeletal and
muscular systems
Describe Amphiarthroses joints. How many types? Ans✓✓✓ More
movable than synarthrosis
Stronger than freely movable joint
Two types of amphiarthroses
Describe Bursae (Singular, bursa) function, location and structure
Ans✓✓✓ a pouch
Pockets of synovial fluid, lined by synovial membrane
Cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub
Describe cartilage function and structure ? Ans✓✓✓ Cushion the joint
Fibrocartilage pad called a meniscus (or articular disc; plural, menisci),
located between opposing bones in synovial joint
