NSG 120 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
• Gout: hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by
excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
• Gout S/S: warmth, pain, swelling in joint-usually the big toe, pain starts at night with
red/purple skin around affected area, limited movement in the joint with scalingor peeling skin
• rheumatoid arthritis: a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs
of other body systems are attacked
• s/s of rheumatoid arthritis: systemic joint pain
• Osteoarthritis (OA): progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular
cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular
surfaces
• s/s of osteoarthritis: 1. joint pain that is worse with use, better with rest
2. pain and stiffness after long periods of inactivity or getting out of bed in the morning
3. swelling, warmth and crepitus around joint
• ankylosing spondylitis: chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints,primarily of
the spine and lower back.
- fusion of the joints, more common in me
• Lyme's disease symptoms: can start as symptoms of arthritis, moves to fever,bull's eye
rash
• Osteoporosis Etiology: Decrease of bone density due to a loss of calcium salts.Common in
older women
• compound (open) fracture: bone breaks through the skin
• compression fracture: common in vertebrae; bone is crushed or collapses intosmall pieces
• greenstick fracture: bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seenin children
• hydronephrosis: abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis caused by pressure fromurine that
can't flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
• hydronephrosis s/s: - dysuria
- pain on side, abdomen, and groin
- hematuria
• Urolithiasis: kidney stones
form from excessive salt intake
• Urolithiasis s/s: asymptomatic, flank pain, n/v, rapid pulse, cool skin, renal colic
(obstruction of ureter)
• Dementia: a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory,thinking,
and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes
• Alzheimer's disease (AD): A progressive disease that destroys the brain's neu-rons,
gradually impairing memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functions,resulting in the
, complete inability to care for oneself; the most common cause of dementia.
• Parkinson's disease: A disorder of the central nervous system that affectsmovement, often
including tremors.
too much ACH and too little dopamine
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Progressive demyelination of neurons in the brain,spinal cord,
and cranial nerves
- Loss of myelin interferes with nerve conduction (motor, sensory, autonomic)
• S/S of multiple sclerosis: initial--> visual and sensory impairment
- dysphagia
- muscle weakness
- slurred speech
- fatigue
• a coronary artery is totally obstructed, leading to prolonged ischemia andcell death, or
infarction of the heart wall: myocardial infarction
• lymphedema: a condition where the tissues in the extremities swell due to anobstruction
in the lymphatic system
• prodomal phase: the phase that is before a seizure occurs--aura, headache,etc
• postical period: after seizure, feeling tired
• normal pH values: 7.35 (acidosis) to 7.45 (alkalosis)
• PaCO2 range (respiratory): 45 (acidosis) to 35 (alkalosis)
• HCO3 (bicarbonate) normal range (metabolic): 22 (acidosis) to 26 (alkalosis)
• S/S of hypoglycemia: *H- headache
*I - irritability
*W- weakness
*A- anxious and trembling
*S- sweaty (diaphoresis)
*H- hunger
"Cold and clammy gimme candy"
• acromegaly: hypersecretion of the GH in adulthood/after puberty when theepiphyseal
plate has fused
- enlargement of face, hands, feet
- treatment: surgery or radiation
• giantism: hypersecretion of GH before puberty and before the epiphyseal platehas fused.
Very tall growth
• SIADH vs Diabetes Insipidus: SIADH--> overproduction of ADH
• Gout: hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by
excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
• Gout S/S: warmth, pain, swelling in joint-usually the big toe, pain starts at night with
red/purple skin around affected area, limited movement in the joint with scalingor peeling skin
• rheumatoid arthritis: a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs
of other body systems are attacked
• s/s of rheumatoid arthritis: systemic joint pain
• Osteoarthritis (OA): progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular
cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular
surfaces
• s/s of osteoarthritis: 1. joint pain that is worse with use, better with rest
2. pain and stiffness after long periods of inactivity or getting out of bed in the morning
3. swelling, warmth and crepitus around joint
• ankylosing spondylitis: chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints,primarily of
the spine and lower back.
- fusion of the joints, more common in me
• Lyme's disease symptoms: can start as symptoms of arthritis, moves to fever,bull's eye
rash
• Osteoporosis Etiology: Decrease of bone density due to a loss of calcium salts.Common in
older women
• compound (open) fracture: bone breaks through the skin
• compression fracture: common in vertebrae; bone is crushed or collapses intosmall pieces
• greenstick fracture: bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seenin children
• hydronephrosis: abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis caused by pressure fromurine that
can't flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
• hydronephrosis s/s: - dysuria
- pain on side, abdomen, and groin
- hematuria
• Urolithiasis: kidney stones
form from excessive salt intake
• Urolithiasis s/s: asymptomatic, flank pain, n/v, rapid pulse, cool skin, renal colic
(obstruction of ureter)
• Dementia: a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory,thinking,
and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes
• Alzheimer's disease (AD): A progressive disease that destroys the brain's neu-rons,
gradually impairing memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functions,resulting in the
, complete inability to care for oneself; the most common cause of dementia.
• Parkinson's disease: A disorder of the central nervous system that affectsmovement, often
including tremors.
too much ACH and too little dopamine
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Progressive demyelination of neurons in the brain,spinal cord,
and cranial nerves
- Loss of myelin interferes with nerve conduction (motor, sensory, autonomic)
• S/S of multiple sclerosis: initial--> visual and sensory impairment
- dysphagia
- muscle weakness
- slurred speech
- fatigue
• a coronary artery is totally obstructed, leading to prolonged ischemia andcell death, or
infarction of the heart wall: myocardial infarction
• lymphedema: a condition where the tissues in the extremities swell due to anobstruction
in the lymphatic system
• prodomal phase: the phase that is before a seizure occurs--aura, headache,etc
• postical period: after seizure, feeling tired
• normal pH values: 7.35 (acidosis) to 7.45 (alkalosis)
• PaCO2 range (respiratory): 45 (acidosis) to 35 (alkalosis)
• HCO3 (bicarbonate) normal range (metabolic): 22 (acidosis) to 26 (alkalosis)
• S/S of hypoglycemia: *H- headache
*I - irritability
*W- weakness
*A- anxious and trembling
*S- sweaty (diaphoresis)
*H- hunger
"Cold and clammy gimme candy"
• acromegaly: hypersecretion of the GH in adulthood/after puberty when theepiphyseal
plate has fused
- enlargement of face, hands, feet
- treatment: surgery or radiation
• giantism: hypersecretion of GH before puberty and before the epiphyseal platehas fused.
Very tall growth
• SIADH vs Diabetes Insipidus: SIADH--> overproduction of ADH
