BIOL 1693 - Endocrine System
Question and answers rated A+ 2025
What does the endocrine system regulate? - correct answer ✔1) chemical
composition and volume of blood
2) coping with stress
3) growth and development
4) reproductive processes
5) metabolism and energy balance
6) immune function
7) muscle contraction and glandular secretion
endocrine gland - correct answer ✔release hormones directly into the
bloodstream
eg. thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and pituitary glands
exocrine gland - correct answer ✔secrete products into ducts which then
carry secretions to target site or onto surface of body
eg. sebaceous glands, sweat glands, pancreas (pancreatic juice)
endocrine cells and tissues - correct answer ✔hypothalamus, thymus, heart,
kidneys, stomach, small intestine, liver, skin, ovaries, testes, adipose tissue,
bone tissue, pancreas (insulin and glucagon)
paracrine signalling - correct answer ✔induce response in neighbouring cells
autocrine signalling - correct answer ✔induce response in same cell that
secreted signal
, endocrine signalling - correct answer ✔induce responses at distant sites
(travel through blood and lymph)
permissive effect (hormones) - correct answer ✔first hormone allows action
of second hormone
synergistic effect (hormones) - correct answer ✔two hormones will produce a
larger response together than the addition of their separate effects (amplified
response)
antagonistic effect (hormones) - correct answer ✔one hormone opposes the
action of another
If hormones are present in excess... - correct answer ✔hormone receptors
will be downregulated (overall decrease in # of receptors on target cell) - less
reactive
If hormones are deficient... - correct answer ✔hormone receptors will be
upregulated (increased # of receptors on target cell) - more sensitive
lipid-soluble hormones - correct answer ✔a) steroid hormones (cholesterol-
derived - testosterone and estrogens, aldosterone)
b) thryoid hormones (thyroxine - T4, triiodothyronine - T3)
c) nitric oxide (NO)
water-soluble hormones - correct answer ✔a) amine hormones
(catecholamines, melatonin)
b) peptide hormones (ADH, ANP, oxytocin)
Question and answers rated A+ 2025
What does the endocrine system regulate? - correct answer ✔1) chemical
composition and volume of blood
2) coping with stress
3) growth and development
4) reproductive processes
5) metabolism and energy balance
6) immune function
7) muscle contraction and glandular secretion
endocrine gland - correct answer ✔release hormones directly into the
bloodstream
eg. thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and pituitary glands
exocrine gland - correct answer ✔secrete products into ducts which then
carry secretions to target site or onto surface of body
eg. sebaceous glands, sweat glands, pancreas (pancreatic juice)
endocrine cells and tissues - correct answer ✔hypothalamus, thymus, heart,
kidneys, stomach, small intestine, liver, skin, ovaries, testes, adipose tissue,
bone tissue, pancreas (insulin and glucagon)
paracrine signalling - correct answer ✔induce response in neighbouring cells
autocrine signalling - correct answer ✔induce response in same cell that
secreted signal
, endocrine signalling - correct answer ✔induce responses at distant sites
(travel through blood and lymph)
permissive effect (hormones) - correct answer ✔first hormone allows action
of second hormone
synergistic effect (hormones) - correct answer ✔two hormones will produce a
larger response together than the addition of their separate effects (amplified
response)
antagonistic effect (hormones) - correct answer ✔one hormone opposes the
action of another
If hormones are present in excess... - correct answer ✔hormone receptors
will be downregulated (overall decrease in # of receptors on target cell) - less
reactive
If hormones are deficient... - correct answer ✔hormone receptors will be
upregulated (increased # of receptors on target cell) - more sensitive
lipid-soluble hormones - correct answer ✔a) steroid hormones (cholesterol-
derived - testosterone and estrogens, aldosterone)
b) thryoid hormones (thyroxine - T4, triiodothyronine - T3)
c) nitric oxide (NO)
water-soluble hormones - correct answer ✔a) amine hormones
(catecholamines, melatonin)
b) peptide hormones (ADH, ANP, oxytocin)
