HUMAN BIOLOGY UNIT 3 EXAM Q’S AND A’S

HUMAN BIOLOGY UNIT 3 EXAM Q’S AND A’S What is collected by the nervous system? - Answer-sensory information from receptors in contact with the internal and external environment What do motor responses lead to - Answer-muscular contractions or glandular secretions what is the nervous system made up of - Answer-central nervous system and peripheral nervous system what do sensory pathways do - Answer-carry nerve impulses from receptors to the CNS and keep the brain in touch with what is going in in the internal and external environment what do motor pathways do - Answer-carry nerve impulses from the CNs to the effectors and the appropriate response is then carried out what does the brain do with the information from the sensory pathways - Answer-analyses , interprets , processes and stores the information and pass it onto motor pathways what are the branches of the peripheral nervous system - Answer-somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system what is the somatic nervous system - Answer-spinal nerves and controls the skeletal muscles, controls some reflex actions but mostly voluntary actions What is the autonomic nervous system composed of - Answer-sympathetic and parasympathetic system Describe the autonomic nervous system - Answer-regulates the internal environment by controlling organs such as the heart, bronchioles and blood vessels and is involuntary and is made up of the antagonistic sympathetic and parasympathetic systems What is meant by the harmonious balance of the autonomic nervous control - Answer-the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are constantly working at an equal rate but having opposite effects What effect does the autonomic system have on the heart - Answer-parasympathetic nerves decreases the rate and force of contractions decreasing the cardiac output of blood whereas the sympathetic does the opposite increasing the rate what does the sympathetic nervous system do - Answer-when stimulated the sympathetic system prepares the body for action by fight or flight, heart rate increases and blood diverted to skeletal muscles as a result of an increased amount of epinephrine in the blood what does the parasympathetic nervous system do - Answer-calms the body down for rest and digest dropping heart rate to normal which conserves resources and stores energy what is the brain made up of - Answer-central core , limbic system and cerebral cortex what is the central core - Answer-contins the medulla and cerebellum, the medulla controlls breathing and heart rate whereas the cerebellum controls balance and coordination what is the limbic system - Answer-found deep in the cerebral cortex and is responsible for processing information for long term memory , regulating emotional states and influencing biological motivation what does the pituitary gland do - Answer-releases hormones such as the growth hormone which is essential for growth and development of body , thyroid stimulating hormone which promotes thyroid to produve thyroxin and gonatrohic hormones which are released to stimulate the production and release of gametes How does the hypothalmus control the contraction of smooth muscle - Answer-axons of neurons in hypothamus extend into the sympathetic and parasympathetic centres allowing hypothalmus to regulate autonomic activities such as contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle involved in homeostatic mechanisms How does the hypothalmus control body temperature - Answer-containd thermorecepptors that are sensitive to changes in blood temperature which changes body temperature, nerve impulses are then sent to effectors such as sweat glands triggering corrective feedback mechanism to return temperature to normal what is the cerebral cortex - Answer-the largest and most complex part of the brain and is the outer layer of the cerebrum and is split in half into cerebral hemispheres what does the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex do` - Answer-processes information from the right visual field and controls right side of body what are the cerebral hemispheres connected by - Answer-corpus callosum what is the corpus callocum - Answer-a large bundle of nerve fibres that allow information to be transferred between the cerebral hemispheres what are the functional areas of the corpus callosum, and what do they do - Answer-sensory - receive information as sensory impulses from receptors association - analyse and interprets sensory impulses motor - receive information from association and send motor impulses to effectors What does perception enable a person to do - Answer-segregate objects