NBME Physiology exam with correct answers
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Digitalis/Ouabain block - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Na+/K+ ATPase \| \| \| \| \| \|
Omeprazole blocks - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔H+/K+ ATPase (its
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a proton pump inhibitor)
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Na+ -glucose cotransport occurs in: - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔intestinal lumen and renal proximal tubule \| \| \| \| \|
Urea is not an effective osmole because - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔reflection coefficient is close to zero \| \| \| \| \|
Tetrodotoxin and licodain block - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔voltage-
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gated Na+ channels \| \|
Hyperkalemia effect on AP - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Decreases \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
AP because it depolarizes the membrane so that Na+ channel
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gates remain closed. Effect is muscle weakness
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NMJ neurotransmitter and receptor type - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔ACh and nicotinic receptor (which is also a Na+/K+ channel)
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Effect of botulinum toxin (botox) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Blocks
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release of ACh from presynaptic terminal (permanent)
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, Curare effect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Copmetes with ACh for
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receptors on motor end plate (decreases size of EPP, too much
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causes paralysis of respiratory muscles and death)
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Neostigmine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inhibits AChesterase - \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
prolongs action of ACh at muscle end plate. Treatment for
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myasthenia gravis \|
Hemicholium - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Blocks reuptake of \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
choline into presynaptic terminal - depletes ACh stores from
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presynaptic terminal - decreases rate of synaptic transmission
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Myasthenia gravis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Antibodies for ACh
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receptor. Muscle weakness (progressive throughout day). Treat
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with neostigmine
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The only inhibitory neurotransmitters (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔GABA and glycine (increase Cl- conductance)
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(NO is also inhibitory but only in GI, blood vessels, and CNS)
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Schizophrenia involves increased levels of: - CORRECT ANSWERS \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
✔✔D2 receptors (dopamine, inhibitory)
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Difference between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors? -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Nicotinic - ACh and nicotine. NMJ
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receptors.
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Digitalis/Ouabain block - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Na+/K+ ATPase \| \| \| \| \| \|
Omeprazole blocks - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔H+/K+ ATPase (its
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
a proton pump inhibitor)
\| \| \|
Na+ -glucose cotransport occurs in: - CORRECT ANSWERS
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
✔✔intestinal lumen and renal proximal tubule \| \| \| \| \|
Urea is not an effective osmole because - CORRECT ANSWERS
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
✔✔reflection coefficient is close to zero \| \| \| \| \|
Tetrodotoxin and licodain block - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔voltage-
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
gated Na+ channels \| \|
Hyperkalemia effect on AP - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Decreases \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
AP because it depolarizes the membrane so that Na+ channel
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
gates remain closed. Effect is muscle weakness
\| \| \| \| \| \|
NMJ neurotransmitter and receptor type - CORRECT ANSWERS
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
✔✔ACh and nicotinic receptor (which is also a Na+/K+ channel)
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Effect of botulinum toxin (botox) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Blocks
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
release of ACh from presynaptic terminal (permanent)
\| \| \| \| \| \|
, Curare effect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Copmetes with ACh for
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
receptors on motor end plate (decreases size of EPP, too much
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
causes paralysis of respiratory muscles and death)
\| \| \| \| \| \|
Neostigmine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Inhibits AChesterase - \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
prolongs action of ACh at muscle end plate. Treatment for
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
myasthenia gravis \|
Hemicholium - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Blocks reuptake of \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
choline into presynaptic terminal - depletes ACh stores from
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
presynaptic terminal - decreases rate of synaptic transmission
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Myasthenia gravis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Antibodies for ACh
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
receptor. Muscle weakness (progressive throughout day). Treat
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
with neostigmine
\|
The only inhibitory neurotransmitters (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
✔✔GABA and glycine (increase Cl- conductance)
\| \| \| \| \|
(NO is also inhibitory but only in GI, blood vessels, and CNS)
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Schizophrenia involves increased levels of: - CORRECT ANSWERS \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
✔✔D2 receptors (dopamine, inhibitory)
\| \| \|
Difference between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors? -
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Nicotinic - ACh and nicotine. NMJ
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receptors.
