WGU D236 Pathophysiology
Homeostasis ANS: process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid ANS: fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid ANS: fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
Diffusion ANS: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
Osmosis ANS: movement of fluid from an area of lower solute concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration ANS: water and solute movement occurs from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area
of low hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality ANS: the number of osmotically active particles per kg of water
Hypertonic ANS: osmolality greater than 300.
Hypotonic ANS: osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
,An isotonic solution ANS: 0.09% normal saline
Interferons (IFNs) ANS: type of cytokine that signals cells to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing other cells to become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia ANS: fluid volume overload
Edema ANS: swelling of soft tissues because of excess fluid accumulation
Causes of edema include: ANS: -Increased hydrostatic (water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: ANS: - weight gain
- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
, - increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia ANS: fluid volume deficit
Symptoms of hypovolemia include: ANS: - vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
- fever
- heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
diabetes insipidus (DI) ANS: insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) ANS: -primary complication of type 1 diabetes
-the body produces excess ketones into the blood
-also referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
Diuretics ANS: medications that reduce fluid volume in the body
- increase urine output
Homeostasis ANS: process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid ANS: fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid ANS: fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
Diffusion ANS: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
Osmosis ANS: movement of fluid from an area of lower solute concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration ANS: water and solute movement occurs from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area
of low hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality ANS: the number of osmotically active particles per kg of water
Hypertonic ANS: osmolality greater than 300.
Hypotonic ANS: osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
,An isotonic solution ANS: 0.09% normal saline
Interferons (IFNs) ANS: type of cytokine that signals cells to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing other cells to become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia ANS: fluid volume overload
Edema ANS: swelling of soft tissues because of excess fluid accumulation
Causes of edema include: ANS: -Increased hydrostatic (water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: ANS: - weight gain
- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
, - increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia ANS: fluid volume deficit
Symptoms of hypovolemia include: ANS: - vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
- fever
- heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
diabetes insipidus (DI) ANS: insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) ANS: -primary complication of type 1 diabetes
-the body produces excess ketones into the blood
-also referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
Diuretics ANS: medications that reduce fluid volume in the body
- increase urine output
