Advanced Patho Final Ch. 1-14
1.A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are considered precancerous?
ANS: Atypical hyperplasia
______ syndrome occurs when there is an extra X chromosome. ANS: Klinefelter
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely a component of:
ANS: protein.
1. A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test. He states
That it was positive. What is the next step? ANS: A p24 antigen test will be done.
1. The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it: ANS: D) induces short-term protection.
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following diagnostic test findings is
consistent with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous? ANS: Positive anti-double stranded DNA
A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been eating well, and they
think she is losing weight even though her belly looks bloated. They also noticed that she is limping
when she walks. Physical examination reveals a pale, quiet girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and
upper arms. Her heart sounds and lung sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.
The remainder of the exam is normal. Which type of hematologic cancer should be suspected? ANS:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis? ANS: Fever, dehydration, and stress
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely cause is: ANS: iron
deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
,An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the following is accurate
pertaining to this case? ANS: The infant has an opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced sudden cardiac
death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It was most likely __________
cardiomyopathy. ANS: hypertrophic
The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is: ANS: The legs
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia? ANS: End tidal carbon dioxide detector
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty breathing when
sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is
suspected. What is a likely physical exam finding to support the most common cause of OSAS in
children? ANS: Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are ANS: tripod positioning, "hot
potato" voice, and acutely high fever.
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for a patient on a ventilator with respiratory
alkalosis, a low CO2, and normal sodium bicarbonate? ANS: Decrease the respiratory rate on the
ventilator
Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.35, PaCO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3 = 29 mEq/L. ANS:
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include: ANS: urothelial cell carcinoma and renal cell
carcinoma
, Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not in acute cystitis? ANS:
White blood cell casts
A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has tall, peaked T waves on his electrocardiogram (ECG).
Which of the following is the best action? ANS: Check the serum potassium level.
A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection that is not abating.
His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism. How does sickle cell lead to priapism? ANS:
The sickled red blood cells get trapped in the penis.
Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of: ANS: cardiovascular disease
Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and a positive result
reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during pregnancy? ANS: It stimulates corpus
luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone.
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability. The mother said
that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten worse over 2-3 days. She also notes
he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is: ANS: pyloric stenosis.
Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease include: ANS:
heartburn and sour taste in mouth.
A man is seropositive for viral hepatitis type D, which means ANS: he has a coinfection with viral
hepatitis type B.
An incoherent female patient with a history of hypothyroidism is brought to the emergency department
by the rescue squad. Physical and laboratory findings reveal hypothermia, hypoventilation, respiratory
acidosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and nonpitting edema of the face and pretibial area. Knowing that
these findings suggest severe hypothyroidism, emergency action is taken to prevent the potential
complication of: ANS: myxedema coma.
1.A woman had a biopsy of a breast mass. Which of the following findings are considered precancerous?
ANS: Atypical hyperplasia
______ syndrome occurs when there is an extra X chromosome. ANS: Klinefelter
Children with PKU must avoid phenylalanine in the diet. Phenylalanine is most likely a component of:
ANS: protein.
1. A 20-year-old man just took a home human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test. He states
That it was positive. What is the next step? ANS: A p24 antigen test will be done.
1. The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it: ANS: D) induces short-term protection.
In addition to a positive antinuclear antibody test, which of the following diagnostic test findings is
consistent with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous? ANS: Positive anti-double stranded DNA
A 5-year-old child is brought in by his parents who report that she has not been eating well, and they
think she is losing weight even though her belly looks bloated. They also noticed that she is limping
when she walks. Physical examination reveals a pale, quiet girl. Small bruises are noted on her shins and
upper arms. Her heart sounds and lung sounds are normal. She has hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.
The remainder of the exam is normal. Which type of hematologic cancer should be suspected? ANS:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis? ANS: Fever, dehydration, and stress
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely cause is: ANS: iron
deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
,An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the following is accurate
pertaining to this case? ANS: The infant has an opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced sudden cardiac
death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It was most likely __________
cardiomyopathy. ANS: hypertrophic
The most likely place for a thrombosis to form postoperatively is: ANS: The legs
Which of the following can be used to measure hypercapnia? ANS: End tidal carbon dioxide detector
A mother brings her 5-year-old child in because the child snores and has difficulty breathing when
sleeping and seems to move around a lot when sleeping. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is
suspected. What is a likely physical exam finding to support the most common cause of OSAS in
children? ANS: Noted mouth breathing and enlarged tonsils
The most common manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children is(are ANS: tripod positioning, "hot
potato" voice, and acutely high fever.
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for a patient on a ventilator with respiratory
alkalosis, a low CO2, and normal sodium bicarbonate? ANS: Decrease the respiratory rate on the
ventilator
Classify the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.35, PaCO2 = 50 mm Hg, HCO3 = 29 mEq/L. ANS:
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Causes of painless, asymptomatic hematuria include: ANS: urothelial cell carcinoma and renal cell
carcinoma
, Which of the following diagnostic findings is present in pyelonephritis but not in acute cystitis? ANS:
White blood cell casts
A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has tall, peaked T waves on his electrocardiogram (ECG).
Which of the following is the best action? ANS: Check the serum potassium level.
A father brought his son to the emergency room because he has a painful erection that is not abating.
His son has sickle cell anemia. He is diagnosed with priapism. How does sickle cell lead to priapism? ANS:
The sickled red blood cells get trapped in the penis.
Erectile dysfunction can be an early warning sign of: ANS: cardiovascular disease
Human chorionic gonadotropin is generally detected in some pregnancy tests, and a positive result
reflects pregnancy. What is the purpose of this hormone during pregnancy? ANS: It stimulates corpus
luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone.
A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the ER with projectile vomiting and irritability. The mother said
that he seems to be hungry a lot but vomits after, and it has gotten worse over 2-3 days. She also notes
he is constipated. The most likely diagnosis is: ANS: pyloric stenosis.
Clinical manifestations of new onset, uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease include: ANS:
heartburn and sour taste in mouth.
A man is seropositive for viral hepatitis type D, which means ANS: he has a coinfection with viral
hepatitis type B.
An incoherent female patient with a history of hypothyroidism is brought to the emergency department
by the rescue squad. Physical and laboratory findings reveal hypothermia, hypoventilation, respiratory
acidosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and nonpitting edema of the face and pretibial area. Knowing that
these findings suggest severe hypothyroidism, emergency action is taken to prevent the potential
complication of: ANS: myxedema coma.
