FMB GIF: Fat Men Buy Garlic, Egg, and Fish
Fertilized Egg (zygote) - Morula - Blastocyst - Gastrula - Embryo - Fetus
1. Differentiate between the embryonic and fetal periods of development - pg. 508
Embryonic period: takes place over the first 8 weeks, or the first ⅔ of the first trimester.
- Cells divide and become redistributed. Tissues and organs form, as fo structure that
nourish and develop the embryo
Fetal periods: takes place from the start of the 9th week through to birth
- The body grows rapidly and organs begin to function and coordinate to form organ
systems
2. Diagram a sperm cell and an egg cell and explain the process of fertilization - 508-509
- Sperm cells reach the jelly-like coating surrounding the egg
- They release enzymes that digest a path through the coating
- The path allows other sperm cells to go further down through the coating towards the
plasma membrane of the egg
- Eventually the head of one sperm cell might successfully enter the eff
- When this happens, the sperm nucleus and egg nuclei fuse, completing fertilization
3. Explain how polyspermy is prevented - pg 508
4. Describe how the zygote transformed into a morula and then a blastocyst - 509-510
Description:
From ovulation to implantation. At ovulation (A), the egg leaves the ovary. A single sperm
nucleus enters the egg, and fertilization (B) occurs in the oviduct. As the zygote moves along, it
undergoes cleavage (C) to produce the morula (D). The blastocyst formed (E) and implants the
in the lining of the uterus (F)
Zygote:
- A zygote is formed when the nucleus of the sperm and the nucleus of the egg fuse
together, creating the first cell of a new life
- It has 23 pairs of chromosomes, meaning a total of 46
Morula:
- Now as the zygote moves throughout the uterus it starts to divide by mitosis
- The cells become smaller, and the size of the zygote stays the same
- By the time the zygote has 16 cells it is called a morula
Blastocyst:
- The morula reaches the uterus 3-5 days after fertilization
- Then it starts to full with fluid that diffuses from the uterus
- As it develops two different groups of cells are formed
- The whole new structure is called a blastocyst
5. Identity the source of human chorionic gonadotropin. Why is it important in maintaining
the early pregnancy - pg. 510-511
, The trophoblast which forms the outer layer of the blastocyst starts to secrete hCG, after the
blastocyst implants itself in the endometrium.
- hCG has the same effect as LH, it maintains the corpus luteum longer so it doesn't
degenerate
- Which results in the secretion of estrogen and progesterone, which prevents
menstruation
6. Describe the important events that take place during gastrulation and identify the 3 germ
layers - pg. 511-514
Gastrulation
- The embryo will develop to form a structure of 3 cell later
- Ectoderm (outer layer)
- Mesoderm (middle layer)
- Endoderm (inner layer)
- This structure is called a gastrula
Process:
1. As the blastocyst continues and implants itself. The inner cell mass changes.
2. A space forms between the inner cell mass and the trophoblast, called the amniotic
cavity, the inner cell mass flattens into a disk-shaped structure and and connects to the
blastocyst
3. That is called a embryonic disk
4. The embryonic disk first consists of 2 layers
5. The outer: ectoderm
6. And the inner: endoderm
7. Later one, a third layer forms, called the mesoderm
Fertilized Egg (zygote) - Morula - Blastocyst - Gastrula - Embryo - Fetus
1. Differentiate between the embryonic and fetal periods of development - pg. 508
Embryonic period: takes place over the first 8 weeks, or the first ⅔ of the first trimester.
- Cells divide and become redistributed. Tissues and organs form, as fo structure that
nourish and develop the embryo
Fetal periods: takes place from the start of the 9th week through to birth
- The body grows rapidly and organs begin to function and coordinate to form organ
systems
2. Diagram a sperm cell and an egg cell and explain the process of fertilization - 508-509
- Sperm cells reach the jelly-like coating surrounding the egg
- They release enzymes that digest a path through the coating
- The path allows other sperm cells to go further down through the coating towards the
plasma membrane of the egg
- Eventually the head of one sperm cell might successfully enter the eff
- When this happens, the sperm nucleus and egg nuclei fuse, completing fertilization
3. Explain how polyspermy is prevented - pg 508
4. Describe how the zygote transformed into a morula and then a blastocyst - 509-510
Description:
From ovulation to implantation. At ovulation (A), the egg leaves the ovary. A single sperm
nucleus enters the egg, and fertilization (B) occurs in the oviduct. As the zygote moves along, it
undergoes cleavage (C) to produce the morula (D). The blastocyst formed (E) and implants the
in the lining of the uterus (F)
Zygote:
- A zygote is formed when the nucleus of the sperm and the nucleus of the egg fuse
together, creating the first cell of a new life
- It has 23 pairs of chromosomes, meaning a total of 46
Morula:
- Now as the zygote moves throughout the uterus it starts to divide by mitosis
- The cells become smaller, and the size of the zygote stays the same
- By the time the zygote has 16 cells it is called a morula
Blastocyst:
- The morula reaches the uterus 3-5 days after fertilization
- Then it starts to full with fluid that diffuses from the uterus
- As it develops two different groups of cells are formed
- The whole new structure is called a blastocyst
5. Identity the source of human chorionic gonadotropin. Why is it important in maintaining
the early pregnancy - pg. 510-511
, The trophoblast which forms the outer layer of the blastocyst starts to secrete hCG, after the
blastocyst implants itself in the endometrium.
- hCG has the same effect as LH, it maintains the corpus luteum longer so it doesn't
degenerate
- Which results in the secretion of estrogen and progesterone, which prevents
menstruation
6. Describe the important events that take place during gastrulation and identify the 3 germ
layers - pg. 511-514
Gastrulation
- The embryo will develop to form a structure of 3 cell later
- Ectoderm (outer layer)
- Mesoderm (middle layer)
- Endoderm (inner layer)
- This structure is called a gastrula
Process:
1. As the blastocyst continues and implants itself. The inner cell mass changes.
2. A space forms between the inner cell mass and the trophoblast, called the amniotic
cavity, the inner cell mass flattens into a disk-shaped structure and and connects to the
blastocyst
3. That is called a embryonic disk
4. The embryonic disk first consists of 2 layers
5. The outer: ectoderm
6. And the inner: endoderm
7. Later one, a third layer forms, called the mesoderm
