ADHD MASTERY STUDY GUIDE FOR EMS AND
NREMT EXAM INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE
Airway Management - The process of ensuring that a patient's airway is clear and unobstructed
to allow for adequate breathing.
Respiratory Care - The assessment and treatment of patients with breathing or cardiopulmonary
disorders.
ADHD Mastery Study Guide - A structured guide designed to help students master topics related
to ADHD in a clinical setting.
NREMT readiness - Preparation and knowledge required to successfully pass the National
Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians examination.
Clinical mastery level - A high level of understanding and skill in clinical practices, ensuring
effective patient care.
Nasal cavity - Filters, humidifies, and warms incoming air
Pharynx - Shared air/food passage consisting of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Epiglottis - Flap that seals larynx during swallowing
Larynx - Voice box; contains vocal cords and glottic opening (entry to lower airway)
Trachea - Conducts air from larynx to bronchi; supported by cartilage rings
Bronchi - Branching tubes directing airflow to alveoli
,Alveoli - Site of gas exchange; surrounded by capillaries
Gag reflex - Prevents aspiration
Cough reflex - Clears irritants from lower airway
Ciliated epithelium - Pushes mucus upward (mucociliary escalator)
Goblet cells - Secrete mucus to trap particles
Ventilation - Physical act of air moving in/out of lungs
Respiration - Gas exchange at alveoli and tissues
Oxygenation - Delivery of O₂ to blood
Perfusion - Blood flow reaching alveolar capillaries
Obstruction - Disruption of airflow due to tongue, vomit, blood, secretions, foreign body,
swelling, or trauma
Asthma - Bronchoconstriction + mucus
COPD - Chronic airway inflammation
CHF - Fluid in alveoli (pulmonary edema)
,Anaphylaxis - Upper airway edema, bronchospasm
Croup - Viral infection with subglottic swelling (pediatrics—excluded here)
Obstructive sleep apnea - Recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep
Complete Obstruction - No air movement → rapid hypoxia → unconsciousness → death
Partial Obstruction - Airflow reduced → increased work of breathing → respiratory fatigue →
failure
Tachypnea - Increased respiratory rate to improve oxygen delivery
CPAP - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; splints airway open
BVM rates and flow - 10-12 bpm @ 15 L/min
Normal ETCO₂ - 35-45
Normal SpO₂ - >94%
OPA/NPA indications - Indications and contraindications for oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal
airways
Stridor - Sound associated with upper airway obstruction
Wheezing - Sound associated with lower airway obstruction
, Oxygenation vs. ventilation - Difference between the processes of delivering oxygen to the body
and the act of breathing
Airway obstructions - How they affect downstream gas exchange
Positive pressure changes - How they affect intrathoracic pressures
Basic airway inadequacy - When basic airway management is insufficient and requires escalation
Auscultation patterns - How they correlate with diseases
Scene Size-Up - Initial assessment to ensure safety and gather information
Primary Assessment - Assessment of Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABCs)
AVPU - Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive; a scale for assessing consciousness
Secondary Assessment - Comprehensive data gathering for differential diagnosis
Ongoing/Reassessment - Monitoring every 5 min for unstable patients and every 15 min for
stable patients
Vital Signs Compensation - Tachycardia in hypovolemia or fever; tachypnea in hypoxia,
acidosis, or pain; hypertension in early shock; skin changes indicating shock
Key Indicators in Primary Survey - Signs that indicate airway, breathing, circulation, mental
status, and skin conditions
NREMT EXAM INSIDER ACCESS OF 2025/2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS RATE
Airway Management - The process of ensuring that a patient's airway is clear and unobstructed
to allow for adequate breathing.
Respiratory Care - The assessment and treatment of patients with breathing or cardiopulmonary
disorders.
ADHD Mastery Study Guide - A structured guide designed to help students master topics related
to ADHD in a clinical setting.
NREMT readiness - Preparation and knowledge required to successfully pass the National
Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians examination.
Clinical mastery level - A high level of understanding and skill in clinical practices, ensuring
effective patient care.
Nasal cavity - Filters, humidifies, and warms incoming air
Pharynx - Shared air/food passage consisting of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Epiglottis - Flap that seals larynx during swallowing
Larynx - Voice box; contains vocal cords and glottic opening (entry to lower airway)
Trachea - Conducts air from larynx to bronchi; supported by cartilage rings
Bronchi - Branching tubes directing airflow to alveoli
,Alveoli - Site of gas exchange; surrounded by capillaries
Gag reflex - Prevents aspiration
Cough reflex - Clears irritants from lower airway
Ciliated epithelium - Pushes mucus upward (mucociliary escalator)
Goblet cells - Secrete mucus to trap particles
Ventilation - Physical act of air moving in/out of lungs
Respiration - Gas exchange at alveoli and tissues
Oxygenation - Delivery of O₂ to blood
Perfusion - Blood flow reaching alveolar capillaries
Obstruction - Disruption of airflow due to tongue, vomit, blood, secretions, foreign body,
swelling, or trauma
Asthma - Bronchoconstriction + mucus
COPD - Chronic airway inflammation
CHF - Fluid in alveoli (pulmonary edema)
,Anaphylaxis - Upper airway edema, bronchospasm
Croup - Viral infection with subglottic swelling (pediatrics—excluded here)
Obstructive sleep apnea - Recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep
Complete Obstruction - No air movement → rapid hypoxia → unconsciousness → death
Partial Obstruction - Airflow reduced → increased work of breathing → respiratory fatigue →
failure
Tachypnea - Increased respiratory rate to improve oxygen delivery
CPAP - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; splints airway open
BVM rates and flow - 10-12 bpm @ 15 L/min
Normal ETCO₂ - 35-45
Normal SpO₂ - >94%
OPA/NPA indications - Indications and contraindications for oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal
airways
Stridor - Sound associated with upper airway obstruction
Wheezing - Sound associated with lower airway obstruction
, Oxygenation vs. ventilation - Difference between the processes of delivering oxygen to the body
and the act of breathing
Airway obstructions - How they affect downstream gas exchange
Positive pressure changes - How they affect intrathoracic pressures
Basic airway inadequacy - When basic airway management is insufficient and requires escalation
Auscultation patterns - How they correlate with diseases
Scene Size-Up - Initial assessment to ensure safety and gather information
Primary Assessment - Assessment of Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABCs)
AVPU - Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive; a scale for assessing consciousness
Secondary Assessment - Comprehensive data gathering for differential diagnosis
Ongoing/Reassessment - Monitoring every 5 min for unstable patients and every 15 min for
stable patients
Vital Signs Compensation - Tachycardia in hypovolemia or fever; tachypnea in hypoxia,
acidosis, or pain; hypertension in early shock; skin changes indicating shock
Key Indicators in Primary Survey - Signs that indicate airway, breathing, circulation, mental
status, and skin conditions
