ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT PROTOCOLS AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSES INSIDER ACCESS OF
2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS
RATE
Gurgling respirations - Fluid obstruction; always clear airway before ventilating.
Wheezing with adequate effort - Bronchodilator first.
AVPU level - A scale to assess a patient's responsiveness: Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive.
GCS 12 - Indicates moderate brain dysfunction.
First-line EMS action for ACS - Administer aspirin.
Shockable rhythm - Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless VT are the only shockable rhythms.
Arterial extremity bleed - Tourniquet first.
Suspected trauma airway management - Perform jaw thrust, not head tilt.
Unresponsive hypoglycemic patients - Need IV Dextrose or IM Glucagon.
Classic DKA picture - Kussmaul breathing, dry skin, fruity odor, BGL 412.
Stroke transport priority - Transport to a stroke center; time-dependent.
,Postictal state - Typically includes confusion and drowsiness.
Pregnant woman >32 weeks dizziness - Place her in left lateral position to prevent compression
of inferior vena cava.
Classic red-flag triad for ectopic pregnancy - Lower abdominal pain, missed period, signs of
shock.
Life-threatening dialysis complication - Hyperkalemia.
Opioid overdose treatment - Administer naloxone.
Heat stroke symptoms - AMS + hot/dry skin.
Carbon monoxide poisoning treatment - Most important treatment is oxygen therapy.
Epinephrine - A medication used in anaphylaxis.
High-flow oxygen - Displaces CO from hemoglobin.
CPAP - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, used to keep airways open.
Albuterol - A bronchodilator used to treat wheezing.
EpiPen IM - An intramuscular injection of epinephrine for anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis - 2+ system involvement indicating a severe allergic reaction.
, Sepsis - Infection + AMS + hypotension = high concern.
Scene safety - Always priority #1 in emergency situations.
MVC scene - Safest position for an ambulance is 15 meters in front of scene, uphill and upwind.
OPA - Oropharyngeal airway, contraindicated in patients with intact gag reflex.
NPA - Nasopharyngeal airway, used when OPA is contraindicated.
Capnography waveform - A sudden drop to zero indicates esophageal intubation or
disconnected circuit.
AED - Automated External Defibrillator, used during CPR on a pulseless patient.
Unstable bradycardia - Low BP, AMS, bradycardia = treat urgently.
Compensated shock - Hallmark is cool, pale skin with tachycardia.
Tension pneumothorax - JVD + hypotension = obstructive shock.
Naloxone - Medication indicated for classic opioid toxidrome.
Anticholinergics - Class of medications indicated for reversing cholinergic toxidrome.
EMERGENCY RESPONSES INSIDER ACCESS OF
2025/2026 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% SUCCESS
RATE
Gurgling respirations - Fluid obstruction; always clear airway before ventilating.
Wheezing with adequate effort - Bronchodilator first.
AVPU level - A scale to assess a patient's responsiveness: Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive.
GCS 12 - Indicates moderate brain dysfunction.
First-line EMS action for ACS - Administer aspirin.
Shockable rhythm - Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless VT are the only shockable rhythms.
Arterial extremity bleed - Tourniquet first.
Suspected trauma airway management - Perform jaw thrust, not head tilt.
Unresponsive hypoglycemic patients - Need IV Dextrose or IM Glucagon.
Classic DKA picture - Kussmaul breathing, dry skin, fruity odor, BGL 412.
Stroke transport priority - Transport to a stroke center; time-dependent.
,Postictal state - Typically includes confusion and drowsiness.
Pregnant woman >32 weeks dizziness - Place her in left lateral position to prevent compression
of inferior vena cava.
Classic red-flag triad for ectopic pregnancy - Lower abdominal pain, missed period, signs of
shock.
Life-threatening dialysis complication - Hyperkalemia.
Opioid overdose treatment - Administer naloxone.
Heat stroke symptoms - AMS + hot/dry skin.
Carbon monoxide poisoning treatment - Most important treatment is oxygen therapy.
Epinephrine - A medication used in anaphylaxis.
High-flow oxygen - Displaces CO from hemoglobin.
CPAP - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, used to keep airways open.
Albuterol - A bronchodilator used to treat wheezing.
EpiPen IM - An intramuscular injection of epinephrine for anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis - 2+ system involvement indicating a severe allergic reaction.
, Sepsis - Infection + AMS + hypotension = high concern.
Scene safety - Always priority #1 in emergency situations.
MVC scene - Safest position for an ambulance is 15 meters in front of scene, uphill and upwind.
OPA - Oropharyngeal airway, contraindicated in patients with intact gag reflex.
NPA - Nasopharyngeal airway, used when OPA is contraindicated.
Capnography waveform - A sudden drop to zero indicates esophageal intubation or
disconnected circuit.
AED - Automated External Defibrillator, used during CPR on a pulseless patient.
Unstable bradycardia - Low BP, AMS, bradycardia = treat urgently.
Compensated shock - Hallmark is cool, pale skin with tachycardia.
Tension pneumothorax - JVD + hypotension = obstructive shock.
Naloxone - Medication indicated for classic opioid toxidrome.
Anticholinergics - Class of medications indicated for reversing cholinergic toxidrome.
