BIS 2B Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
ecology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-study |of |organisms |+ |physical |environment, |organisms |+ |
organisms
evolution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-change |over |time |in |the |properties |of |populations
assumption |of |total |number |of |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |1.8 |million
|described/identified
- |5 |to |100 |million |estimated
- |through |extrapolating |of |known |info |(flora |and |fauna |in |Great |Britain): |4.9 |million |insects, |
maybe |10 |million |species |total
Terry |Irwin |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sampled |species |of |beetles |in |a |certain |tropical |forest |
tree; |came |to |the |conclusion |of |30 |million |tropical |arthropod |species; |calculation |was |
completely |wrong |but |is |testable |and |can |be |refined
species-area |relationship |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-S |= |cA^z
S: |number |of |species
c: |constant |depending |on |taxonomic |group
A: |area
z: |constant |determining |shape |and |slope |of |the |curve
threats |to |biodiversity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |habitat |alteration |and |destruction
- |harvesting, |fishing
,- |climate |change
- |introduced |species
biodiversity |hotspot |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-many |endemic |species |(don't |occur |anywhere |
else)
morphological |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-grouped |based |on |similar |physical |appearance
PROS:
- |practical
- |simple
- |reflects |evolution |(shared |genes)
CONS:
- |genetic |variation |within |populations
- |changes |due |to |the |environment |(plasticity)
- |some |species |can |have |similar |physical |traits |but |have |very |separate |evolutionary |histories
biological |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-groups |of |individuals |actually |or |potentially |capable
|of |reproducing |fertile |offspring
PROS:
- |clear |bio |/ |evolutionary |meaning
CONS:
- |difficult |to |apply |in |practice
phylogenetic |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-similarities |in |phylogeny, |but |DNA |can |be |
considered |morphology
,climate |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-avg. |and |annual |variation |in |temp. |and |precipitation |in |a |
given |region |over |a |long |period |of |time
- |affects |type |of |vegetation |which |affects |which |types |of |animals |that |live |there |(formation |of |
different |biomes)
factors |determining |climate |/ |Hadley |cell |patterns |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |solar |radiation
2. |air |circulation
- |driven |by |solar |radiation |and |earth's |rotation
- |sunlight |strikes |equator |intensely |and |as |you |move |away |you |get |less |heat
- |air |rises |in |heated |areas, |cools |as |it |rises, |cool |air |holds |less |moisture |--> |precipitation
- |as |warm |air |rises, |it |displaces |air |to |the |north |and |south, |which |gets |very |dry |due |to |the |high
|altitude |and |the |heavy |precipitation |in |warm |areas, |so |deserts |form |at |30deg |N |and |S
surface |wind |patterns |/ |Coriolis |force |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-result |of |moving |air |or |water |
masses |due |to |earth's |spin
- |winds |deflected |to |the |L |in |S |hemisphere, |to |the |R |in |N |hemisphere
- |our |weather |patterns |in |N |hemisphere |generally |come |from |westerlies, |which |affect |
rainshadow |due |to |the |mountain |ranges |on |the |west |coast
ITCZ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-intertropical |convergence |zone |where |the |N |and |S |Hadley |cells |
meet; |zone |of |max |heating
- |moves |to |different |latitudes, |meaning |diff |areas |of |the |earth |receive |the |max |radiation |from |
the |sun |at |diff |times |of |the |year
- |during |the |equinoxes |(spring, |fall) |the |ITCZ |is |closest |to |the |equator
- |during |the |summer |solstice, |the |sun |is |hitting |most |directly |in |the |N |hemisphere |so |the |ITCZ |
is |farther |north
- |during |the |winter |solstice, |the |sun |is |hitting |most |directly |in |the |S |hemisphere |so |the |ITCZ |is |
farther |south
, - |ITCZ |aligns |with |areas |of |mass |rainfall |surrounded |by |deserts |(when |referring |to |maps |
showing |precipitation |levels)
rainshadow |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |windward |side |has |warm, |moist |air |which |cools |and |
condenses |as |it |rises |and |the |leeward |side |has |the |dry |sinking |air
Wallace's |line |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-biotic |interchange; |divides |the |biodiversity |and |types |of
|species |present |in |Asia |and |Australia
functional |diversity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adaptations |of |organisms |to |their |environment
trade |off |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-relationship |between |the |benefits |of |a |trait |in |one |context |
and |its |costs |in |another
principle |of |allocation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-all |life |functions |cannot |be |simultaneously |
maximized; |allocation |decisions--how |organisms |use |their |available |resources
what |resources |do |organisms |need? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |carbon, |oxygen, |nitrogen |for |
biomass
- |nitrogen, |phosphorous, |other |macro |and |micronutrients |for |metabolic |machinery
- |energy |for |running |bodily |functions
- water |to |carry |out |biological |reactions
| |
autotrophs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-can |live |exclusively |on |inorganic |sources |of |C, |N, |and |
other |essential |nutrients
- |photoautotrophs |use |light |energy
heterotrophs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-use |preformed |organic |molecules |as |food |(source |of |C, |
N, |energy, |and |other |essential |resources)--don't |necessarily |have |to |eat |other |organisms
Correct Answers
ecology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-study |of |organisms |+ |physical |environment, |organisms |+ |
organisms
evolution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-change |over |time |in |the |properties |of |populations
assumption |of |total |number |of |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |1.8 |million
|described/identified
- |5 |to |100 |million |estimated
- |through |extrapolating |of |known |info |(flora |and |fauna |in |Great |Britain): |4.9 |million |insects, |
maybe |10 |million |species |total
Terry |Irwin |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sampled |species |of |beetles |in |a |certain |tropical |forest |
tree; |came |to |the |conclusion |of |30 |million |tropical |arthropod |species; |calculation |was |
completely |wrong |but |is |testable |and |can |be |refined
species-area |relationship |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-S |= |cA^z
S: |number |of |species
c: |constant |depending |on |taxonomic |group
A: |area
z: |constant |determining |shape |and |slope |of |the |curve
threats |to |biodiversity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |habitat |alteration |and |destruction
- |harvesting, |fishing
,- |climate |change
- |introduced |species
biodiversity |hotspot |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-many |endemic |species |(don't |occur |anywhere |
else)
morphological |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-grouped |based |on |similar |physical |appearance
PROS:
- |practical
- |simple
- |reflects |evolution |(shared |genes)
CONS:
- |genetic |variation |within |populations
- |changes |due |to |the |environment |(plasticity)
- |some |species |can |have |similar |physical |traits |but |have |very |separate |evolutionary |histories
biological |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-groups |of |individuals |actually |or |potentially |capable
|of |reproducing |fertile |offspring
PROS:
- |clear |bio |/ |evolutionary |meaning
CONS:
- |difficult |to |apply |in |practice
phylogenetic |species |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-similarities |in |phylogeny, |but |DNA |can |be |
considered |morphology
,climate |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-avg. |and |annual |variation |in |temp. |and |precipitation |in |a |
given |region |over |a |long |period |of |time
- |affects |type |of |vegetation |which |affects |which |types |of |animals |that |live |there |(formation |of |
different |biomes)
factors |determining |climate |/ |Hadley |cell |patterns |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |solar |radiation
2. |air |circulation
- |driven |by |solar |radiation |and |earth's |rotation
- |sunlight |strikes |equator |intensely |and |as |you |move |away |you |get |less |heat
- |air |rises |in |heated |areas, |cools |as |it |rises, |cool |air |holds |less |moisture |--> |precipitation
- |as |warm |air |rises, |it |displaces |air |to |the |north |and |south, |which |gets |very |dry |due |to |the |high
|altitude |and |the |heavy |precipitation |in |warm |areas, |so |deserts |form |at |30deg |N |and |S
surface |wind |patterns |/ |Coriolis |force |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-result |of |moving |air |or |water |
masses |due |to |earth's |spin
- |winds |deflected |to |the |L |in |S |hemisphere, |to |the |R |in |N |hemisphere
- |our |weather |patterns |in |N |hemisphere |generally |come |from |westerlies, |which |affect |
rainshadow |due |to |the |mountain |ranges |on |the |west |coast
ITCZ |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-intertropical |convergence |zone |where |the |N |and |S |Hadley |cells |
meet; |zone |of |max |heating
- |moves |to |different |latitudes, |meaning |diff |areas |of |the |earth |receive |the |max |radiation |from |
the |sun |at |diff |times |of |the |year
- |during |the |equinoxes |(spring, |fall) |the |ITCZ |is |closest |to |the |equator
- |during |the |summer |solstice, |the |sun |is |hitting |most |directly |in |the |N |hemisphere |so |the |ITCZ |
is |farther |north
- |during |the |winter |solstice, |the |sun |is |hitting |most |directly |in |the |S |hemisphere |so |the |ITCZ |is |
farther |south
, - |ITCZ |aligns |with |areas |of |mass |rainfall |surrounded |by |deserts |(when |referring |to |maps |
showing |precipitation |levels)
rainshadow |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |windward |side |has |warm, |moist |air |which |cools |and |
condenses |as |it |rises |and |the |leeward |side |has |the |dry |sinking |air
Wallace's |line |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-biotic |interchange; |divides |the |biodiversity |and |types |of
|species |present |in |Asia |and |Australia
functional |diversity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-adaptations |of |organisms |to |their |environment
trade |off |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-relationship |between |the |benefits |of |a |trait |in |one |context |
and |its |costs |in |another
principle |of |allocation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-all |life |functions |cannot |be |simultaneously |
maximized; |allocation |decisions--how |organisms |use |their |available |resources
what |resources |do |organisms |need? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |carbon, |oxygen, |nitrogen |for |
biomass
- |nitrogen, |phosphorous, |other |macro |and |micronutrients |for |metabolic |machinery
- |energy |for |running |bodily |functions
- water |to |carry |out |biological |reactions
| |
autotrophs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-can |live |exclusively |on |inorganic |sources |of |C, |N, |and |
other |essential |nutrients
- |photoautotrophs |use |light |energy
heterotrophs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-use |preformed |organic |molecules |as |food |(source |of |C, |
N, |energy, |and |other |essential |resources)--don't |necessarily |have |to |eat |other |organisms
