NURS 3310 – OVERALL EXAM (2025)WITH
MULTIPLE CHOICE OF QUESTIONS AND
DETAIILED CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
Clinical manifestations of PE
- CORRECT ANSWER-1. sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain
2. dyspnoea
3. haemoptysis (coughing blood)
4. hypoxaemia
Identify 3 risk factors for PE (give 1 example each)
- CORRECT ANSWER- 1.
endothelial injury (atherosclerosis, trauma)
2. hypercoagulability (cancer, oral contraceptives )
3. venous stasis (immobility)
What is PE?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Apartial or complete obstruction in the
pulmonary arteries which can resulted from blood clot, fat,
tumor or air
Why does PE develops hypoxaemia?
- CORRECT ANSWER-The blockage in the pulmonary arteries causes
V/Q mismatch that increased in dead space as perfusion
decrease. Less gas exchange
,Why does PE develops pleuritic chest pain?
- CORRECT ANSWERProlonged deprivation of oxygen causes
infarction of lung tissue and the release of inflammatory
mediators causes irritation in the lung
Priority nursing considerations for PE (3)
- CORRECT ANSWER-1.anticoagulation
2. thrombolysis
3. pain relief
Indication of anticoagulation of PE
- CORRECT ANSWER-preventthe formation of new thrombi and
allow endogenous fibrinolysis to take effect on the thrombus
Indication of thrombolysis of PE
- CORRECT ANSWER-- used in massive PE/ hemodynamically
unstable PE
- time critical (within 4hours, useful for current PE)
Describe NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation)
- CORRECT ANSWER-Provideventilation for spontaneously
breathing patient under positive pressure
Describe high flow oxygen delivery system
- CORRECT ANSWERdelivers oxygen at a rate that exceeds the
patient's peak inspiratory flow demand enabling delivery of a
fixed FiO2, irrespective of the patient's RR and tidal volume.
,Common indications for use of NIPPV
- CORRECT ANSWER-- APO (cardiogenic)
- moderate to severe resp. distress
- COPD (acute exacerbation)
- SpO2 <90%
Two types of NIPPV
- CORRECT ANSWER-1. continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
2. BiPAP
Contraindications of using NIPPV (5)
- CORRECT ANSWER-- uncooperative/ extreme anxiety/ depressed
LOC
- unable to secure patent airway
- MI/ unable angina
- copious resp. secretions
- pneumothorax
Complications of NIPPV
- CORRECT ANSWER-- hypotension
- myocardial ischemia
- altered conscious state
- gastric distension
Why does NIPPV can cause hypotension?
, - CORRECT ANSWER Increase
in intrathoracic pressure, decrease
venous return and decrease CO
Why does NIPPV may exacerbate myocardial ischaemia?
- CORRECT ANSWER-increase intrathoracic pressure, decrease
coronary perfusion
Why does NIPPV may cause altered conscious state?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Increase intrathoracic pressure, decrease CO,
decrease cerebral perfusion
Function of PEEP
- CORRECT ANSWER-Theuse of PEEP increases the surface area of
the lungs and improves functional residual capacity
Give 6 possible causes of CKD
- CORRECT ANSWER-- HTN
- failure to resolve AKI
- diabetes
- glomerulonephritis
- cardiovascular disease
- UTI
Stage 1 CKD
- CORRECT ANSWER-GFR >90
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR
MULTIPLE CHOICE OF QUESTIONS AND
DETAIILED CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
Clinical manifestations of PE
- CORRECT ANSWER-1. sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain
2. dyspnoea
3. haemoptysis (coughing blood)
4. hypoxaemia
Identify 3 risk factors for PE (give 1 example each)
- CORRECT ANSWER- 1.
endothelial injury (atherosclerosis, trauma)
2. hypercoagulability (cancer, oral contraceptives )
3. venous stasis (immobility)
What is PE?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Apartial or complete obstruction in the
pulmonary arteries which can resulted from blood clot, fat,
tumor or air
Why does PE develops hypoxaemia?
- CORRECT ANSWER-The blockage in the pulmonary arteries causes
V/Q mismatch that increased in dead space as perfusion
decrease. Less gas exchange
,Why does PE develops pleuritic chest pain?
- CORRECT ANSWERProlonged deprivation of oxygen causes
infarction of lung tissue and the release of inflammatory
mediators causes irritation in the lung
Priority nursing considerations for PE (3)
- CORRECT ANSWER-1.anticoagulation
2. thrombolysis
3. pain relief
Indication of anticoagulation of PE
- CORRECT ANSWER-preventthe formation of new thrombi and
allow endogenous fibrinolysis to take effect on the thrombus
Indication of thrombolysis of PE
- CORRECT ANSWER-- used in massive PE/ hemodynamically
unstable PE
- time critical (within 4hours, useful for current PE)
Describe NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation)
- CORRECT ANSWER-Provideventilation for spontaneously
breathing patient under positive pressure
Describe high flow oxygen delivery system
- CORRECT ANSWERdelivers oxygen at a rate that exceeds the
patient's peak inspiratory flow demand enabling delivery of a
fixed FiO2, irrespective of the patient's RR and tidal volume.
,Common indications for use of NIPPV
- CORRECT ANSWER-- APO (cardiogenic)
- moderate to severe resp. distress
- COPD (acute exacerbation)
- SpO2 <90%
Two types of NIPPV
- CORRECT ANSWER-1. continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
2. BiPAP
Contraindications of using NIPPV (5)
- CORRECT ANSWER-- uncooperative/ extreme anxiety/ depressed
LOC
- unable to secure patent airway
- MI/ unable angina
- copious resp. secretions
- pneumothorax
Complications of NIPPV
- CORRECT ANSWER-- hypotension
- myocardial ischemia
- altered conscious state
- gastric distension
Why does NIPPV can cause hypotension?
, - CORRECT ANSWER Increase
in intrathoracic pressure, decrease
venous return and decrease CO
Why does NIPPV may exacerbate myocardial ischaemia?
- CORRECT ANSWER-increase intrathoracic pressure, decrease
coronary perfusion
Why does NIPPV may cause altered conscious state?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Increase intrathoracic pressure, decrease CO,
decrease cerebral perfusion
Function of PEEP
- CORRECT ANSWER-Theuse of PEEP increases the surface area of
the lungs and improves functional residual capacity
Give 6 possible causes of CKD
- CORRECT ANSWER-- HTN
- failure to resolve AKI
- diabetes
- glomerulonephritis
- cardiovascular disease
- UTI
Stage 1 CKD
- CORRECT ANSWER-GFR >90
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR
