PSIO 201 Exam 2 with precise |! |! |! |! |! |!
detailed answers |!
What are the 6 functions of the Skeletal System? (7) - Correct answer ✔1)
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Support
2) Protection
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3) Mineral storage
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4) Triglyceride storage
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5) RBC & WBC formation (hemopoiesis)
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6) Levers (for movement)
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What is considered to be "the skeleton"? (7) - Correct answer ✔all bones &
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CTs which attach bones to each other (e.g. cartilages, ligaments, joints)
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What makes up the axial skeleton? (7) - Correct answer ✔The skull, spinal
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cord, and rib cage
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What makes up the appendicular skeleton? (7) - Correct answer ✔The limbs
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What are the 7 types of bone? (7) - Correct answer ✔Long
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Short
Flat
,Irregular |!
Sesamoid |!
Sutural |!
Pneumatized
What is the structure of flat bone? (7) - Correct answer ✔An internal spongy
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bone layer and external compact bone layer
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What is the periosteum? What is it's function? (7) - Correct answer ✔Outer
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fibrous layer & inner osteogenic layer
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Covers external surface of bone
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( Continuous w/tendons (CT of joints) )
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( Attached to bone matrix via perforating fibers )
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What is the endosteum? What is it's function? (7) - Correct answer ✔Lines
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inner surface of bone.
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includes: marrow cavity, trabeculae of spongy bone, canals of compact bone
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Why is bone considered an organ? (7) - Correct answer ✔It contains osseous
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(connective) tissue, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, cartilage, and
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connective tissue coverings |! |!
What are the 4 types of cells make up bone? (7) - Correct answer
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✔Osteogenic cells |! |!
, Osteoblasts |!
Osteocytes |!
Osteoclasts
What is the extracellular matrix of bone made up of? (7) - Correct answer
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✔Ground substance (organic and inorganic components)
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Fibers (collagen fibers)
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What are Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells? Where do they come from? (7) -
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Correct answer ✔Stem cells formed from mesenchyme (embryonic
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connective tissue). Eventually forms an osteoblast |! |! |! |! |!
What is the function of osteoblasts? (7) - Correct answer ✔Build bone (i.e.,
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are imp for bone formation)
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• Synthesize organic components of matrix
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• Initiate calcification - take Ca+2 from blood; deposit it in matrix by
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exocytosis
What is the function of osteocytes? (7) - Correct answer ✔Maintenance of
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bone. A matured osteoblast.
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What is the function of osteoclasts? (7) - Correct answer ✔Break down bone
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(i.e., are imp for bone resorption)
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• Release proteolytic enzymes and acids to degrade collagen and release
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minerals to blood |! |!
detailed answers |!
What are the 6 functions of the Skeletal System? (7) - Correct answer ✔1)
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Support
2) Protection
|!
3) Mineral storage
|! |!
4) Triglyceride storage
|! |!
5) RBC & WBC formation (hemopoiesis)
|! |! |! |! |!
6) Levers (for movement)
|! |! |!
What is considered to be "the skeleton"? (7) - Correct answer ✔all bones &
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
CTs which attach bones to each other (e.g. cartilages, ligaments, joints)
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
What makes up the axial skeleton? (7) - Correct answer ✔The skull, spinal
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
cord, and rib cage
|! |! |!
What makes up the appendicular skeleton? (7) - Correct answer ✔The limbs
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
What are the 7 types of bone? (7) - Correct answer ✔Long
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Short
Flat
,Irregular |!
Sesamoid |!
Sutural |!
Pneumatized
What is the structure of flat bone? (7) - Correct answer ✔An internal spongy
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
bone layer and external compact bone layer
|! |! |! |! |! |!
What is the periosteum? What is it's function? (7) - Correct answer ✔Outer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
fibrous layer & inner osteogenic layer
|! |! |! |! |!
Covers external surface of bone
|! |! |! |!
( Continuous w/tendons (CT of joints) )
|! |! |! |! |! |!
( Attached to bone matrix via perforating fibers )
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
What is the endosteum? What is it's function? (7) - Correct answer ✔Lines
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
inner surface of bone.
|! |! |!
includes: marrow cavity, trabeculae of spongy bone, canals of compact bone
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Why is bone considered an organ? (7) - Correct answer ✔It contains osseous
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
(connective) tissue, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, cartilage, and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
connective tissue coverings |! |!
What are the 4 types of cells make up bone? (7) - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Osteogenic cells |! |!
, Osteoblasts |!
Osteocytes |!
Osteoclasts
What is the extracellular matrix of bone made up of? (7) - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Ground substance (organic and inorganic components)
|! |! |! |! |!
Fibers (collagen fibers)
|! |!
What are Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells? Where do they come from? (7) -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔Stem cells formed from mesenchyme (embryonic
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
connective tissue). Eventually forms an osteoblast |! |! |! |! |!
What is the function of osteoblasts? (7) - Correct answer ✔Build bone (i.e.,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
are imp for bone formation)
|! |! |! |!
• Synthesize organic components of matrix
|! |! |! |! |!
• Initiate calcification - take Ca+2 from blood; deposit it in matrix by
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
exocytosis
What is the function of osteocytes? (7) - Correct answer ✔Maintenance of
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
bone. A matured osteoblast.
|! |! |!
What is the function of osteoclasts? (7) - Correct answer ✔Break down bone
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
(i.e., are imp for bone resorption)
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• Release proteolytic enzymes and acids to degrade collagen and release
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
minerals to blood |! |!
