NSG 521 (ALL MODULES 1-3) FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW VERSION

NSG 521 (ALL MODULES 1-3) FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW VERSION 1. What are the steps of the Nursing Process? - ANSWER ADPIE: Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation 2. Explain each step of the Nursing Process - ANSWER Assessment- Gather Info Diagnosis- Identify and prioritize the problem Planning- Plan of care/action; Always discuss with patient but ensure its realistic (SMART) Implementation- Nursing Actions & Intervention (Assess, Monitor, Observe and Provide) Evaluation -Reassessing the patient; Was the desired outcome met? 3. What is the only part of the nursing process a LPN cannot do? - ANSWER diagnose 4. The nurse can act, assess or teach during this phase? - ANSWER implementation 5. What part of the process do you gather information from sources such as the chart so it can be analyzed - ANSWER assessment 6. What is another name for a goal? - ANSWER Planning 7. The nurse states to the client: "we need to get you up and moving today". This is an example of a SMART goal? - ANSWER False 8. An actual nursing diagnosis has 3 parts; the statement, the related to and the as manifested (evidenced) by. The nurse can describe the related to as the reason(s) why the client has the nursing diagnosis. - ANSWER True 9. The client stating s/he feels nauseated is an example of objective data. - ANSWER False 10. The nurse implements the following intervention: Administers 1000 mg acetaminophen PO. This is an example of which type of intervention? a) independent b) dependent c) interdependent - ANSWER B) dependent 11. Shortness of breath, temperature 100.4, hypoactive bowel sounds x4, RBC 4.6, and statements of pain are all examples of which component of the nursing diagnostic statement? a) as manifested (evidence) by (defining characteristics) b) related to ( related factors) c) nursing diagnostic statement - ANSWER B) as manifested (evidence) by (defining characteristics) 12. Assessing (Def) - ANSWER The systematic, continuous collection, validation and documentation of data. It is carried out in all phases and focuses on the client's response to health problems. (4 steps) 13. Assessing (steps) - ANSWER *Collect data *Organize data *Validate data *Document data 14. Diagnosing (def) - ANSWER The reasoning process that uses critical thinking skills to interpret assessment dat to identify client's strengths/weaknesses. It is a statement or conclusion regarding a condition. (3 steps) 15. Diagnosing (steps) - ANSWER *Analyze data *Identify health problems *Formulate a diagnostic statement 16. Planning (def) - ANSWER A deliberate, systematic phase of the nursing care plan that involves decision making and problem solving. Nurse refers to assessment data and diagnostic statement for direction in formulating client goals and designs interventions designed to prevent/reduce/eliminate client's problem. (4 steps) 17. Planning (steps) - ANSWER *Prioritze *Formulate diagnosis/goals *Select interventions *Write nursing interventions 18. Implement (def) - ANSWER The action phase. Nurse performs interventions. The doing and documenting phase. Nurse may carry out or delegate. (5 steps) 19. Implement (steps) - ANSWER *Reassess client *Determine need for assistance *Implement intervention *Supervise/delegate cares *Document activity 20. Evaluate (def) - ANSWER A planned ongoing purposeful activity in which the client and healthcare proffesionals determine the client's progress towards the goal. (5 steps) 21. Evaluate (steps) - ANSWER *Collect data *Compare to desired outcome *Relate nursing activities to desired outcome *Draw conclusions *Continue/modify/terminate care plan 22. P E S - ANSWER Problem, Etiology, Symptoms 23. S.M.A.R.T - ANSWER Specific Measureable Attainable Realistic Timed 24. A risk for nursing diagnosis has 3 components; diagnostic statement, related factors (RT), and defining characteristics (AMB) - ANSWER False 25. What part of nursing process would you ask: Were the interventions chosen beneficial? - ANSWER Evaluation 26. What part of the nursing process is listed: Statment, RT, AMB - ANSWER diagnose 27. What part of the nursing process is the: collection of objective and subjective data - ANSWER Assessment 28. What are the basic principles of patient education? What should you assess when you are planning your teaching? - ANSWER Principles:Tailor to the patient's literacy level.Use simple, clear language.Involve family/support systems if necessary.Use visual aids and repetition. Assess:Patient's readiness to learn.Cognitive ability, literacy level.Cultural background and language.Preferred learning styles (e.g., visual, auditory). 29. What are the three types of prevention and what are some examples of each? - ANSWER Primary Prevention: Preventing disease before it occurs.Example: Vaccinations, education on healthy diet. Secondary Prevention: Early detection and prompt intervention.Example: Screenings (e.g., mammograms, colonoscopies). Tertiary Prevention: Managing long-term illnesses to prevent complications.Example: Rehab programs, chronic disease management (e.g., diabetes education). 30. What are primary and secondary sources of information? - ANSWER Primary Sources: Direct information from the patient.Example: Patient's verbal complaints of pain. Secondary Sources: Information from other sources (family, medical records).Example: Medical history from a family member or previous chart. 31. What are the purpose and components of an Emergency Health History? - ANSWER Purpose: Nurses collect the most important information and defer obtaining details until patients are stable. They elicit the reason for seeking care along with current health problems, medications, and allergies. Components: Care focuses on gathering information so that interventions can resolve the immediate problem. Assessments and interventions are concurrent. 32. What is the purpose and components of a Focused Health History? - ANSWER Purpose: The focused health history involves questions that relate to the current situation. Components: An example is the patient visiting the primary care provider about a cough. In this case, the nurse asks about the length, severity, and timing of the cough and other related factors. During focused health histories, nurses do not perform a complete review of systems (discussed later). 33. What are the purpose and components of a Comprehensive Health History? - ANSWER Purpose: The comprehensive health history takes place during an annual physical examination, for sports participation screenings, and during a hospital admission. Components: It includes demographic data, a full description of the reason for seeking care, individual health history, family history, functional status, and a history in all physical and psychosocial areas. 34. Name environmental safety and risk reduction techniques - ANSWER Nursing process: Identify risks, assess, plan interventions, implement, and evaluate effectiveness. Fall prevention: Bed alarms, lowered bed, non-slip socks, proper lighting, keeping call light within reach. 35. How do you identify patient before administering medication or treatment? - ANSWER Patients should be identified using a minimum 2 of these methods: -Check the name on the patient's identification band -Check the identification number on the patient's identification band -Check the birth date on the patient's identification band -Ask the patient to state their full name and birthdate 36. Why is hand hygiene so important? - ANSWER Most effective way to prevent infections 37. The recommended duration for lathering hands is at least ________ seconds. - ANSWER 15 seconds 38. The most effective way to prevent transmission of infection is performing hand hygiene and ________. - ANSWER Wearing Gloves 39. Whats the difference between standard precautions and tramsmission-based precautions? - ANSWER Standard Precautions: apply to all patients, covering body fluids, blood, and nonintact skin, with added measures like respiratory hygiene and safe injection practices. Transmission-Based Precautions: extra precautions for patients with infections spread through airborne, droplet, or contact routes, requiring PPE when entering and exiting the patient's room. 40. What is the purpose of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)? What are the different kinds of PPE? - ANSWER According to the 1992 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ruling, health care facilities must provide employees with the equipment and supplies necessary to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious material. Includes gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eye gear. 41. Describe when you will use the different Transmission-based precautions. - ANSWER -Airborne Precautions: Use these for patients who have infections that spread through the air such as tuberculosis, varicella (chickenpox), and rubeola (measles). -Droplet Precautions: Use these for patients with an infection that is spread by large-particle droplets such as rubella, mumps, diphtheria, and the adenovirus infection in infants and young children. -Contact Precautions: Use these for patients who are infected or colonized by a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO). 42. What are the different medication rights? - ANSWER When Preparing to Give Medication: -Right Drug: Verify if the drug is appropriate based on the patient's symptoms, diagnosis, and history. Ensure proper labeling and check for allergies. -Right Reason: Confirm the medication is appropriate for the patient's condition and ensure accurate dosage. -Right Dose, Route, and Preparation: Make sure the dose and route of administration are correct and follow institutional protocols for preparation. Immediately Before Administering the Medication: -Right Patient: Identify the patient using at least two identifiers. -Right Time: Confirm the timing is correct for administration. -Right Route: Verify the correct method of delivery (oral, injection, etc.). -Right Assessment Data: Gather relevant data to ensure the medication is appropriate. -Right Education: Ensure the patient understands the medication's purpose, dosage, and potential side effects. -Right to Refuse: Respect the patient's right to refuse and document any refusal. After the Medication has been Administered: -Right Documentation: Document administration according to facility policies. -Right Response: Monitor the patient's reaction to the medication, assess for side effects, and adjust care as needed. 43. What is the respiratory assessment order? - ANSWER I-Inspect P-Palpate P-Percuss A-Auscultate 44. What is the GI assessment order? - ANSWER I-Inspect A-Auscultate P-Percuss P-Palpate 45. What order is the NG Tube is implemented: Perform hand hygieneElevate patient, HOB 30-45 degreesConfirm first method utilized of placement check (length of tube vs documented)Identify the patientCheck pH of contents, color and consistencyPut on glovesReplace aspirated contents after checking for gastric residual - ANSWER 1. Perform Hand Hygiene 2. Put on gloves 3. Identify the patient 4. Elevate the patient, HOB 30-45 degrees 5. Confirm first method of placement check (length of tube vs documented tube length) 6. Check the pH of the contents, check for color and consistency 7. Replace aspirated contents after checking for gastric residual 46. To prevent aspiration from happening after a tube feeding, what is an action a nurse can do? - ANSWER Keep the HOB elevated for 1 hour after feeding 47. If you notice a reaction to blood transfusion. stop transfusion immediately. Dispose of tubing. Set up new IV with normal saline. obtain vitals. notify hcp and blood bank. - ANSWER fact 48. A blood transfusion means only transfusion of whole blood. - ANSWER False: may include different blood components 49. Blood/blood product transfusions are given when a patient's red blood cells, platelets, or coagulation factors decrease to levels that compromise a patient's health. - ANSWER True 50. Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens. - ANSWER True 51. People with type AB+ blood are considered to be universal recipients. - ANSWER True 52. People with type O- blood are considered to be universal donors. - ANSWER True 53. Which of the following are true regarding administration of parenteral nutrition? - ANSWER Parenteral nutrition is the administration of nutritional support via the IV route. Patients who cannot meet their nutritional needs by the oral or enteral route may require IV nutritional supplementation. PN may be prescribed for patients who have nonfunctional GI tracts, those who are comatose, or those who have high caloric and nutritional needs due to illness or injury (patients undergoing aggressive cancer therapy, those recovering from extensive burns, surgery, sepsis, or multiple fractures). PN is a highly concentrated, hypertonic nutrient solution that can be administered through a central venous access device, or in a less concentrated form, through a short-term IV access in a peripheral vein. The nurse caring for a patient receiving PN should assess for catheter-related infection and electrolyte imbalances. 54. Circulatory Overload - ANSWER Dyspnea; Dry cough; pulmonary edema 55. Allergic Reaction - ANSWER Hives; itching; Anaphylaxis 56. Hemolytic Transfusion - ANSWER Immediate onset; Facial flushing; fever; chills, headache; low back pain; shock 57. Febrile Reaction - ANSWER Fever and chills; Headache; Malaise 58. Bacterial Reaction - ANSWER Fever; hypertension; dry, flushed skin; abdominal pain 59. In most states, nurses are not legally bound to follow a PA's orders unless a physician cosigns the orders. This is an important aspect to investigate if PAs are employed by hospitals in your area. - ANSWER Fact 60. Which member of the interdisciplinary team supervises and coordinates direct care to patients and families, teaches the patient and family self-care, conducts research to ensure cost-effectiveness and quality of care, and coordinates the services of other health care providers? - ANSWER Nurse 61. Hospitalists are health care providers who provide care to patients when they visit the emergency department or are admitted to the hospital. - ANSWER True 62. The primary roles of the discharge planner as patients move from acute to home care are evaluating the nursing plan for effectiveness of care, making referrals for patients, and assessing the strengths of patients and their families. - ANSWER True 63. Computer systems are commonly and increasingly used for nursing documentation in the patient record. Which of the following can a nurse do in a computerized documentation system? - ANSWER Call up the admission assessment tool on the computer screen and key inpatient data. Develop the care plan using computerized care plans available for each NANDA-approved diagnosis or other approved problem list. Add to the patient database as new data are identified and modify the care plan accordingly. Receive a work list showing the treatments, procedures, and medications necessary for each patient throughout the shift. Document care immediately, using the computer terminal at the patient's bedside. 64. Electronic health records (EHRs) help providers better manage care for patients and provide better health care by - ANSWER Providing accurate, up-to-date, and complete information about patients at the point of care