NU-116: Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
- abnormal fluid losses (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, GI
suctioning)
- decreased intake (nausea, lack of access to fluids)
- third-space fluid shifts (due to burns, ascites)
- additional causes (diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency,
hemorrhage) Correct Answers causes of fluid volume deficit:
- allergic
- bacterial
- febrile
- hemolytic
- circulatory overload Correct Answers transfusion reaction
- amines and amino acids
- peptides act on cell surface
- steroids act inside the cell
- fatty acid derivative Correct Answers endocrine system:
hormones classification
- bone health
- neuromuscular function
- cardiac function
- insufficiency leads to osteoporosis Correct Answers calcium -
- buffer systems
- respiratory mechanisms
- renal mechanisms Correct Answers methods of acid-base
regulation
,- calories in must equal calories burned
- too few calories/nutrients = undernourished
- too many calories = obesity
- BMR Correct Answers energy balance concepts
- Capacity to perform to the best of ability
- Ability to adjust and adapt to varying situations
- Reported feeling of wellbeing
- Feeling that "everything is together" and harmonious Correct
Answers what are the four components of wellness
- changes in energy levels and mood (document the severity of
these changes; affecting ADLs or self-perception?)
- tolerance to heat or cold
- weight loss or gain
- thirst and urine frequency (kidneys, diabetes)
- memory and concentration
- sleep patterns
- other: decreased libido, genetics Correct Answers health
history - endocrine
- client/family teaching r/t vitamin and mineral supplements;
obtaining nutritious foods on a limited budget
- supporting clients' special nutritional needs: clients who are
NPO; older adults
- assisting clients with meals (impatient - delegating feeding,
home care - refer to agency for help obtaining food)
- for obesity: assist with calorie calculations and meal planning;
encourage exercise/lifestyle changes; weigh weekly, suggest
food diary
,- for undernutrition: encourage client to seek counseling for
eating disorder management, devise strategies to improve
client's appetite, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition Correct
Answers interventions for nutritional imbalances
- clinical manifestations of imbalance may be subtle
- fluid deficit may cause delirium
- decreased cardiac reserve
- reduced renal function
- dehydration is common
- age-related thinning of the skin and loss of strength and
elasticity Correct Answers fluid volume deficit: gerontologic
considerations
- Combined oral
- Transdermal
- Vaginal ring
- Progestin-only
- Long-acting progestin Correct Answers types of hormonal
contraceptive (5)
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance Correct Answers stages of dying
- developmental stage (from infants to elders; includes lactating
women)
- educational level
- knowledge of nutrition (includes concepts of access)
, - lifestyle choices (dietary patterns, vegetarianism, dieting)
- ethnicity/culture
- religious practices
- disease process
- functional limitations (ex. developmental delays) Correct
Answers factors that affect nutrition
- dietary teaching
- oral electrolyte supplements
- limiting or facilitating oral fluid intake
- parenteral replacement of fluids and/or electrolytes
- administer prescribed IV fluids based on patient's condition
(isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)
- replacement of blood and blood products (obtain a set of vital
signs, ensure patient IV, remain with patient for 15 min after
infusion starts)
- monitor for transfusion reaction (if so, stop the blood
transfusion and assess patient and notify the provider) Correct
Answers nursing interventions for acid-base imbalances
- dry skin, dry mucous membranes
- nonelastic skin turgor, cool and clammy skin
- decreased urine output, hypotension, increased heart rate, rise
in temperature, acute weight loss
- muscle cramps
- sunken eyes
- labs: increased Hgb, Hct, BUN, creatinine, decreased sodium
Correct Answers fluid volume deficit: clinical manifestations
- ECF
- bound to other ions Correct Answers chloride -
- abnormal fluid losses (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, GI
suctioning)
- decreased intake (nausea, lack of access to fluids)
- third-space fluid shifts (due to burns, ascites)
- additional causes (diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency,
hemorrhage) Correct Answers causes of fluid volume deficit:
- allergic
- bacterial
- febrile
- hemolytic
- circulatory overload Correct Answers transfusion reaction
- amines and amino acids
- peptides act on cell surface
- steroids act inside the cell
- fatty acid derivative Correct Answers endocrine system:
hormones classification
- bone health
- neuromuscular function
- cardiac function
- insufficiency leads to osteoporosis Correct Answers calcium -
- buffer systems
- respiratory mechanisms
- renal mechanisms Correct Answers methods of acid-base
regulation
,- calories in must equal calories burned
- too few calories/nutrients = undernourished
- too many calories = obesity
- BMR Correct Answers energy balance concepts
- Capacity to perform to the best of ability
- Ability to adjust and adapt to varying situations
- Reported feeling of wellbeing
- Feeling that "everything is together" and harmonious Correct
Answers what are the four components of wellness
- changes in energy levels and mood (document the severity of
these changes; affecting ADLs or self-perception?)
- tolerance to heat or cold
- weight loss or gain
- thirst and urine frequency (kidneys, diabetes)
- memory and concentration
- sleep patterns
- other: decreased libido, genetics Correct Answers health
history - endocrine
- client/family teaching r/t vitamin and mineral supplements;
obtaining nutritious foods on a limited budget
- supporting clients' special nutritional needs: clients who are
NPO; older adults
- assisting clients with meals (impatient - delegating feeding,
home care - refer to agency for help obtaining food)
- for obesity: assist with calorie calculations and meal planning;
encourage exercise/lifestyle changes; weigh weekly, suggest
food diary
,- for undernutrition: encourage client to seek counseling for
eating disorder management, devise strategies to improve
client's appetite, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition Correct
Answers interventions for nutritional imbalances
- clinical manifestations of imbalance may be subtle
- fluid deficit may cause delirium
- decreased cardiac reserve
- reduced renal function
- dehydration is common
- age-related thinning of the skin and loss of strength and
elasticity Correct Answers fluid volume deficit: gerontologic
considerations
- Combined oral
- Transdermal
- Vaginal ring
- Progestin-only
- Long-acting progestin Correct Answers types of hormonal
contraceptive (5)
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance Correct Answers stages of dying
- developmental stage (from infants to elders; includes lactating
women)
- educational level
- knowledge of nutrition (includes concepts of access)
, - lifestyle choices (dietary patterns, vegetarianism, dieting)
- ethnicity/culture
- religious practices
- disease process
- functional limitations (ex. developmental delays) Correct
Answers factors that affect nutrition
- dietary teaching
- oral electrolyte supplements
- limiting or facilitating oral fluid intake
- parenteral replacement of fluids and/or electrolytes
- administer prescribed IV fluids based on patient's condition
(isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)
- replacement of blood and blood products (obtain a set of vital
signs, ensure patient IV, remain with patient for 15 min after
infusion starts)
- monitor for transfusion reaction (if so, stop the blood
transfusion and assess patient and notify the provider) Correct
Answers nursing interventions for acid-base imbalances
- dry skin, dry mucous membranes
- nonelastic skin turgor, cool and clammy skin
- decreased urine output, hypotension, increased heart rate, rise
in temperature, acute weight loss
- muscle cramps
- sunken eyes
- labs: increased Hgb, Hct, BUN, creatinine, decreased sodium
Correct Answers fluid volume deficit: clinical manifestations
- ECF
- bound to other ions Correct Answers chloride -
