NURS 307 Pediatric Nursing Final Exam 100 Questions & Answers Correct & Verified 2025

1. Because children younger than 5 years are egocentric, the nurse should do which when communicating with them? a. Focus communication on the child. b. Use easy analogies when possible. c. Explain experiences of others to the child. d. Assure the child that communication is private - A 2. The nurse is having difficulty communicating with a hospitalized 6-year-old child. Which technique should be most helpful? a. Recommend that the child keep a diary. b. Provide supplies for the child to draw a picture. c. Suggest that the parent read fairy tales to the child. d. Ask the parent if the child is always uncommunicative. - B 3. Pertussis vaccination should begin at which age? a. Birth b. 2 months c. 6 months d. 12 months - B 4. When giving instructions to a parent whose child has scabies, what should the nurse include? a. Treat all family members if symptoms develop. b. Be prepared for symptoms to last 2 to 3 weeks. c. Carefully treat only areas where there is a rash. d. Notify practitioner so an antibiotic can be prescribed. - B 5. An infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is being admitted to the hospital. The nurse should plan to place the infant on which precaution? a. Enteric b. Airborne c. Droplet d. Contact - D 6. The nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Which is a contraindication associated with administering this vaccine? a. The child has recently been exposed to an infectious disease. NURS 307 Pediatric Nursing Final Exam 100 Questions & Answers Correct & Verified 2025 b. The child has symptoms of a cold but no fever. c. The child is having intermittent episodes of diarrhea. d. The child has a disorder that causes a deficient immune system. - D 7. The nurse is assessing a child suspected of having pinworms. Which is the most common symptom the nurse expects to assess? a. Restlessness b. Distractibility c. Rectal discharge d. Intense perianal itching - D 8. A child has been diagnosed with scabies. Which statement by the parent indicates understanding of the nurse's teaching about scabies? a. "The itching will stop after the cream is applied." b. "We will complete extensive aggressive housecleaning." c. "We will apply the cream to only the affected areas as directed." d. "Everyone who has been in close contact with my child will need to be treated." - D 9. The nurse observes flaring of nares in a newborn. What should this be interpreted as? a. Nasal occlusion b. Sign of respiratory distress c. Snuffles of congenital syphilis d. Appropriate newborn breathing - B 10. What is an infant with severe jaundice at risk for developing? a. Encephalopathy b. Bullous impetigo c. Respiratory distress d. Blood incompatibility - A 11. A newborn has been diagnosed with brachial nerve paralysis. The nurse should assist the breastfeeding mother to use which hold or position during feeding? a. Reclining b. The cradle hold c. The football hold d. The cross-over hold - C 12. An infant, age 5 months, is brought to the clinic by his parents for a well-baby checkup. What is the best advice that the nurse should include at this time about injury prevention? a. "Keep buttons, beads, and other small objects out of his reach." b. "Do not permit him to chew paint from window ledges because he might absorb too much lead." c. "When he learns to roll over, you must supervise him whenever he is on a surface from which he might fall." d. "Lock the crib sides securely because he may stand and lean against them and fall out of bed." - A 13. The parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, "All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry." What is the nurse's best action? a. Encourage the parent to verbalize feelings. b. Encourage the parent not to worry so much. c. Assess the parent for other signs of inadequate parenting. d. Reassure the parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months. - A 14. The nurse is interviewing the parents of a 4-month-old boy brought to the hospital emergency department. The infant is dead, and no attempt at resuscitation is made. The parents state that the baby was found in his crib with a blanket over his head, lying face down in bloody fluid from his nose and mouth. The nurse might initially suspect his death was caused by what? a. Suffocation b. Child abuse c. Infantile apnea d. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - D 15. A toddler, age 16 months, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and "scolds" the stairs as if they caused him to fall. What is this an example of? a. Animism b. Ritualism c. Irreversibility d. Delayed cognitive development - A 16. A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is what? a. A sign the child is spoiled b. An attempt to exert unhealthy control c. Regression, which is common at this age d. Ritualism, an expected behavior at this age - D 17. The nurse is assessing a 20-month-old toddler during a well-child visit and notices tooth decay. The nurse should understand that early childhood caries are caused by what? a. Allowing the child to eat citrus foods at bedtime b. A hereditary factor that cannot be prevented c. Poor fluoride supply in the drinking water d. Giving the child a bottle of juice or milk at naptime - D 18. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized toddler. What is the rationale for planning to continue the toddler's rituals while hospitalized? a. To provide security b. To prevent regression c. To prevent dependency d. To decrease negativism - A 19. A nurse is observing children playing in the playroom. What describes parallel play? a. A child playing a video game b. Two children playing a card game c. Two children watching a movie on a television d. A child playing with blocks next to a child playing with trucks - D 20. A 4-year-old child tells the nurse that she doesn't want another blood sample drawn because "I need all of my insides and I don't want anyone taking them out." What is the nurse's best interpretation of this? a. The child is being overly dramatic. b. The child has a disturbed body image. c. Preschoolers have poorly defined body boundaries. d. Preschoolers normally have a good understanding of their bodie - C 21. Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period? a. Team b. Parallel c. Solitary d. Associative - D 22. A child with acetaminophen (Tylenol) poisoning has been admitted to the emergency department. What antidote does the nurse anticipate being prescribed? a. Carnitine (Carnitor) b. Fomepizole (Antizol) c. Deferoxamine (Desferal) d. N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) - D 23. What is descriptive of the play of school-age children? a. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go. b.Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages. c. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging. d. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning. - C 24. A school-age child has begun to sleepwalk. What does the nurse advise the parents to perform? a. Wake the child and help determine what is wrong. b. Leave the child alone unless he or she is in danger of harming him- or herself or others. c. Arrange for psychologic evaluation to identify the cause of stress. d. Keep the child awake later in the evening to ensure sufficient tiredness for a full night of sleep. - B 25. The nurse is assisting the family of a child with a history of encopresis. What should be included in the nurse's discussion with the family? a. Instruct the parents to sit the child on the toilet at twice-daily routine intervals. b. Instruct the parents that the child will probably need to have daily enemas. c. Suggest the use of stimulant cathartics weekly. d. Reassure the family that most problems are resolved successfully, with some relapses during periods of stress. - D 26. Autism is a complex developmental disorder. The diagnostic criteria for autism include delayed or abnormal functioning in which area with onset before age 3 years? a. Parallel play b. Gross motor development c. Ability to maintain eye contact d. Growth below the fifth percentile - C 27. An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following clinical manifestations: poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which situation? a. Water excess b. Sodium excess c. Water depletion d.Potassium excess - C 28. What laboratory finding should the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water? a. Decreased hematocrit b. High serum osmolality c. High urine specific gravity d.Increased blood urea nitrogen - A 29. What is an approximate method of estimating output for a child who is not toilet trained? a. Have parents estimate output. b. Weigh diapers after each void. c. Place a urine collection device on the child. d. Have the child sit on a potty chair 30 minutes after eating - B 30. A girl, age 5 1/2 years, has been sent to the school nurse for urinary incontinence three times in the past 2 days. The nurse should recommend to her parent that the first action is to have the child evaluated for what condition? a.School phobia b.Glomerulonephritis c.Urinary tract infection (UTI) d. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - C 31. The nurse notes that a child has lost 3.6 kg (8 lb) after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this weight loss? a. Poor appetite b. Reduction of edema c. Restriction to bed rest d. Increased potassium intake - B 32. What measure of fluid balance status is most useful in a child with acute glomerulonephritis? a. Proteinuria b. Daily weight c. Specific gravity d. Intake and output - B 33. What laboratory finding, in conjunction with the presenting symptoms, indicates minimal change nephrotic syndrome? a. Low specific gravity b. Decreased hemoglobin c. Normal platelet count d. Reduced serum albumin - D 34. A hospitalized child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is receiving high doses of prednisone. What nursing goal is appropriate for this child? a. Stimulate appetite. b. Detect evidence of edema. c. Minimize risk of infection. d. Promote adherence to the antibiotic regimen. - C 35. The nurse is teaching a child experiencing severe edema associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome about his diet. The nurse should discuss what dietary need? a.Consuming a regular diet b.Increasing protein c.Restricting fluids d.Decreasing calories - C 36. What condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children? a. Pyelonephritis b. Tubular destruction c. Severe dehydration d. Upper tract obstruction - C 37. A child is admitted in acute renal failure (ARF). Therapeutic management to rapidly provoke a flow of urine includes the administration of what medication? a. Propranolol (Inderal) b. Calcium gluconate c. Mannitol (Osmitrol) or furosemide (Lasix) (or both) d.Sodium, chloride, and potassium - C 38. What statement is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared with hemodialysis? a. Protein loss is less extensive. b. Dietary limitations are not necessary. c. It is easy to learn and safe to perform. d. It is needed less frequently than hemodialysis. - C 39. The nurse is conducting discharge teaching with the parent of a 7-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). What statement by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? a. "My child needs to stay home from school for at least 1 more month." b. "I should not add additional salt to any of my child's meals." c. "My child will not be able to participate in contact sports while receiving corticosteroid therapy." d. "I should measure my child's urine after each void and report the 24-hour amount to the health care provider." - B 40. What is the narrowing of preputial opening of foreskin called? a.Chordee b.Phimosis c.Epispadias d.Hypospadias - B 41. Congenital defects of the genitourinary tract, such as hypospadias, are usually repaired as early as possible to accomplish what? a. Minimize separation anxiety. b. Prevent urinary complications. c. Increase acceptance of hospitalization. d. Promote development of normal body image. - D 42. Surgery is performed on a child to correct cryptorchidism. The parents understand the reason for the surgery if they tell the nurse this was done to do what? a. "Prevent damage to the undescended testicle." b. "Prevent urinary tract infections." c. "Prevent prostate cancer." d. "Prevent an inguinal hernia." - A 43. What do the clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome include? a.Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain b.Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever c.Hypertension, weight loss, and proteinuria d.Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema - D 44. A parent asks the nurse what would be the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis was improving. What would be the nurse's best response? a. Blood pressure will stabilize. b. Your child will have more energy. c. Urine will be free of protein. d. Urine output will increase. - D 45. The nurse is preparing to admit a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The nurse understands that the peak age at onset for this disease is what? a.2 to 4 years b.5 to 7 years c.8 to 10 years d.11 to 13 years - B 46. The nurse is preparing to admit a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The nurse understands that the peak age at onset for this disease is what? a.2 to 3 years b.4 to 5 years c.6 to 7 years d.8 to 9 years - A 47. A parent of an infant with gastroesophageal reflux asks how to decrease the number and total volume of emesis. What recommendation should the nurse include in teaching this parent? a. Surgical therapy is indicated. b. Place in prone position for sleep after feeding. c. Thicken feedings and enlarge the nipple hole. d. Reduce the frequency of feeding by encouraging larger volumes of formula. - C 48. What clinical manifestation should be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis? a. Rebound tenderness b. Bright red or dark red rectal bleeding c.Abdominal pain that is relieved by eating d.Colicky, cramping, abdominal pain around the umbilicus - D 49. When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize which sign or symptom as a manifestation of perforation? a. Anorexia