BIOL 1001 exam with correct answers

BIOL 1001 exam with correct answers
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What |is |science? |- |ANSWER-a |process |for |understanding |the |natural/ |observable |world



Hypothesis: |excess |acid |was |proposed |as |a |cause |of |ulcers. |How |would |you |test |the |"excess |acid" |
hypothesis |effectively?



a. |examine |ulcer |patients |of |a |range |of |ages |and |measure |their |stomach |acid |levels



b. |have |all |volunteers |drink |alcohol |and |measure |their |stomach |acid |levels



c. |lower |stomach |acid |of |some |volunteers |(using |drugs/antacids) |and |measure |numbers |of |ulcers |in |
all |volunteers |



d. |examine |patients |of |a |range |of |ages |and |measure |the |number |of |ulcers |in |each |person



e. |put |all |volunteers |through |a |stress |test |and |then |measure |their |stomach |acid |levels |- |ANSWER-c.



process |of |science |- |ANSWER--iterative

-not |pre-determined

-has |many |starting |points

-rooted |in |testing

-involves |feedback/ |scrutinizing |ideas

-influences, |and |is |influenced |by |society



hypothesis |- |ANSWER-a |proposed |explanation |that |leads |to |a |testable |prediction



empirical |- |ANSWER-based |on |experience |and |observations |that |are |rational, |testable, |and |repeatable

,scientific |idea |+ |expectations |+ |observations= |- |ANSWER-scientific |argument



the |scientific |method |is |_____________ |therefore, |the |word |PROVE |cannot |be |used |- |ANSWER-self-
correcting



If |the |results |of |the |excess |acid |hypothesis |are |true, |which |graph |most |closely |matches |the |predicted |
results?



A. |high |treatment |group, |low |control |group

B. |low |treatment |group, |high |control |group

C. |both |groups |high

D. |both |groups |low |- |ANSWER-B



alternative |hypothesis |- |ANSWER-



confusion |of |correlation |and |causation |is |an |example |of |a |- |ANSWER-logical |fallacy



Treatment |group |received |antibiotics |while |control |received |a |placebo. |What |results |would |you |
expect |if |the |"bacteria |cause |ulcers" |hypothesis |was |supported?



A. |control |higher, |treatment |lower

B. |control |lower, |treatment |higher

C. |Both |high

D. |Both |low |- |ANSWER-A.



alternative |hypotheses |must |be |tested |- |ANSWER-independently

, how |does |the |word |theory |in |science |differ |from |its |use |in |everyday |English? |- |ANSWER-Scientific |
theories |are |testable |explanations |supported |by |facts |gathered |over |time, |not |speculative/ |educated |
guesses



theory |- |ANSWER--evidence-based |overarching |explanations |for |general |class |of |phenomena

-general--> |many |testable |related |hypotheses

-supported |by |large |body |of |evidence |& |tested |in |multiple |ways

-predictive |power--> |fits |observations |not |used |in |formulating |the |theory

-provides |a |framework



what |are |the |major |unifying |concepts |of |biology? |- |ANSWER--theory |of |evolution |by |natural |selection

-cell |theory



Theory |of |evolution |by |natural |selection |predictions: |- |ANSWER-1. |characteristics |of |a |population |
change |over |time

2. |individuals |with |certain |heritable |traits |produce |more |offspring |than |those |without |those |traits



cell |theory |- |ANSWER--all |organisms |are |made |up |of |cells

- |all |cells |come |from |ore-existing |cells



how |are |the |two |main |scientific |theories |related? |- |ANSWER--all |species |and |cells |descent |from |a |
common |ancestor

-all |species |and |cells |descend |from |a |pre-existing |species/ancestral |cell



unity |- |ANSWER-all |organisms |alive |today |descended |from |a |common |ancestor



the |theory |of |evolution |by |natural |selection |explains |- |ANSWER-the |unity |and |diversity |of |life



the |tree |of |the |trunk |represents |_____, |the |branches |represent |_______ |- |ANSWER-unity, |diversity