WGU Pathophysiology D236
Describe how your body responds to an infection. *** T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells.
B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. *** Mutations in genes or chromosomal
abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? *** Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. *** (ex) Fluid and
electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS *** Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure
maintained.
DKA *** increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis *** retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? *** Potassium
West Nile Virus *** Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms;
high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease *** Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
,Erythema infectiosum *** a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden
appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. *** Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign *** arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida *** results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on
lower back.
hemophilia is more common in *** males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes *** ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders *** Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus *** Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis *** It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach
receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis,
double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis *** inflammation of the skin
, eczema *** noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and
itching
decubitus ulcer *** sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections *** superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure
to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm *** noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm *** uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis *** The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle,
and easily fractured.
osteomalacia *** disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin *** red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa *** fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Rickets *** a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease *** A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal structural
integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Describe how your body responds to an infection. *** T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells.
B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. *** Mutations in genes or chromosomal
abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? *** Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. *** (ex) Fluid and
electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS *** Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure
maintained.
DKA *** increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis *** retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? *** Potassium
West Nile Virus *** Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms;
high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease *** Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
,Erythema infectiosum *** a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden
appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. *** Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign *** arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida *** results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on
lower back.
hemophilia is more common in *** males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes *** ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders *** Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus *** Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis *** It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach
receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis,
double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis *** inflammation of the skin
, eczema *** noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and
itching
decubitus ulcer *** sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections *** superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure
to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm *** noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm *** uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis *** The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle,
and easily fractured.
osteomalacia *** disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin *** red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa *** fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Rickets *** a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease *** A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal structural
integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
