JMU BIO 150 LAB EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the main flaws in experimental designs? - ANSWER--no controls
-insufficient sample size
-lack of replication
-not really testing the hypothesis
-important variables not held constant
What is the hierarchical taxonomy? - ANSWER-Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Why is it important to post-rinse when pipetting volumes less than 20 microliters? -
ANSWER-Small volumes may not get expelled completely due to surface tension.
True/False: Pipettors are most accurate in the middle to top end of their volume range. -
ANSWER-true
How can contamination be prevented in the laboratory? - ANSWER--using barrier
pipette tips
-changing pipette tips between solutions
-keeping test tubes and pipette tip boxes closed
What unit is pipetteing done in? - ANSWER-microliter (uL)
How many liters are in a micro liter? - ANSWER-10^-6 L
How do you convert milliliters to microliters? - ANSWER-move decimal three times to
the right
What are the three basic steps of a PCR reaction? - ANSWER--denaturing
-annealing
-extension
What occurs in community analysis and feedback? - ANSWER--feedback and peer
review
-replication
, -discussion with colleagues
-publication`
-new questions
-theory building
Define independent variables - ANSWER-the variable that is manipulated in an
experiment
Define hypothesis - ANSWER-proposed explanation for an observation
Define dependent variable - ANSWER-The measurable effect, outcome, or response in
which the research is interested.
Define control - ANSWER-In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
Define treatment - ANSWER-a specific condition applied to the individuals in an
experiment
Define prediction - ANSWER-A logical statement about what will happen if the
hypothesis is correct.
Define experiment - ANSWER-the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
Define non-experimental - ANSWER-observational
Define descriptive study - ANSWER-giving details about; illustrating; explaining
What occurs during denaturing? - ANSWER--tubes are heated to 94 degrees
-hydrogen bonds break and separate into two strands
What occurs during annealing? - ANSWER--temperature is lowered to 55 degrees
-primers attach to the dna template
What occurs during extension? - ANSWER--temperature is increased to 72 degrees
-synthesis of new DNA occurs
What are the necessary ingredients for a PCR to proceed? - ANSWER--template DNA
-reverse primer
-forward primer
-DNA polymerase
-nucleotides
How many times does the PCR reaction repeat itself? - ANSWER-30 times
How many copies are produced of the original DNA? - ANSWER-1 billion
What is the point of PCR reactions? - ANSWER-to complete DNA replication
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the main flaws in experimental designs? - ANSWER--no controls
-insufficient sample size
-lack of replication
-not really testing the hypothesis
-important variables not held constant
What is the hierarchical taxonomy? - ANSWER-Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Why is it important to post-rinse when pipetting volumes less than 20 microliters? -
ANSWER-Small volumes may not get expelled completely due to surface tension.
True/False: Pipettors are most accurate in the middle to top end of their volume range. -
ANSWER-true
How can contamination be prevented in the laboratory? - ANSWER--using barrier
pipette tips
-changing pipette tips between solutions
-keeping test tubes and pipette tip boxes closed
What unit is pipetteing done in? - ANSWER-microliter (uL)
How many liters are in a micro liter? - ANSWER-10^-6 L
How do you convert milliliters to microliters? - ANSWER-move decimal three times to
the right
What are the three basic steps of a PCR reaction? - ANSWER--denaturing
-annealing
-extension
What occurs in community analysis and feedback? - ANSWER--feedback and peer
review
-replication
, -discussion with colleagues
-publication`
-new questions
-theory building
Define independent variables - ANSWER-the variable that is manipulated in an
experiment
Define hypothesis - ANSWER-proposed explanation for an observation
Define dependent variable - ANSWER-The measurable effect, outcome, or response in
which the research is interested.
Define control - ANSWER-In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
Define treatment - ANSWER-a specific condition applied to the individuals in an
experiment
Define prediction - ANSWER-A logical statement about what will happen if the
hypothesis is correct.
Define experiment - ANSWER-the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
Define non-experimental - ANSWER-observational
Define descriptive study - ANSWER-giving details about; illustrating; explaining
What occurs during denaturing? - ANSWER--tubes are heated to 94 degrees
-hydrogen bonds break and separate into two strands
What occurs during annealing? - ANSWER--temperature is lowered to 55 degrees
-primers attach to the dna template
What occurs during extension? - ANSWER--temperature is increased to 72 degrees
-synthesis of new DNA occurs
What are the necessary ingredients for a PCR to proceed? - ANSWER--template DNA
-reverse primer
-forward primer
-DNA polymerase
-nucleotides
How many times does the PCR reaction repeat itself? - ANSWER-30 times
How many copies are produced of the original DNA? - ANSWER-1 billion
What is the point of PCR reactions? - ANSWER-to complete DNA replication
