Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS
231/BIOD 331 Final Exam; with complete
questions and Answers
• Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. True
or False
- ANSWER: False
• Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. True or False
- ANSWER: True
• Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply
1) It is involved in cellular respiration
2) They are found far from the site of energy consumption
3) They play a role in apoptosis
4) They control free radicals - ANSWER: It is involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
• Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply
1) Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2 ) The main structural component is made of proteins
3) Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
4) Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation - ANSWER: Controls the
transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
• Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis
- ANSWER: Dry gangrene occurs when blood supply is slowly reduced to an area. The
area is dehydrated and becomes dark or black in color. Commonly seen in patients with
diabetes. It is not very painful, but tissues eventually die.
Wet gangrene is caused by a sudden reduction in blood flow. The area is cold and
swollen, with no pulse. This can occur from trauma. Bacteria is involved and is very
painful. It has the appearance of pus, because it looks wet. There is also a foul smell
• Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell
types. True or False
- ANSWER: False Answer: cell differentiation
• Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. True
or False
- ANSWER: False, Answer: cell proliferation
• What are two important properties that stem cells possess
- ANSWER: Potency and self-renewal
, Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS
231/BIOD 331 Final Exam; with complete
questions and Answers
• These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent that
they have lost their ability to divide
- ANSWER: progenitor or parent cells
• What is the name of the systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the
tumor as well as other distant sites
- ANSWER: chemotherapy
• The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known
as
- ANSWER: cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome
• Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders
- ANSWER: There are about 80 autoimmune disorders identified, with many
overlapping presentations. Blood tests can be more generic and results are imprecise.
Markers can be elevated in the Prescence of other diseases
• The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell receptors for a nonself-
antigen are allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection
True or False
- ANSWER: False
• Which lab value will typically be increased in a viral infection
1) Neutrophils
2) Eosinophils
3) Basophils
4) Lymphocytes - ANSWER: Lymphocytes
• A 9-year-old boy with a peanut allergy was exposed to peanuts. He presents to the
emergency room with an anaphylactic reaction. (1) What symptoms might he present
with? (2) Does the quantity of exposure mean he will have a more severe reaction? (3)
What is the initial immediate treatment? (4) What are 2 things people with anaphylaxis
should always carry?
- ANSWER: 1) Shortness of breath, skin redness/hives, GI discomfort such as
cramping, nausea.
2) No
3) epinephrine
4) identification of the allergy and EpiPen
• A 23-year-old African-American man with a history of severe lifelong anemia requiring
many transfusions has nonhealing leg ulcers and recurrent periods of abdominal and
chest pain. These signs and symptoms are most likely to be associated with which one
of the following laboratory abnormalities?
231/BIOD 331 Final Exam; with complete
questions and Answers
• Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. True
or False
- ANSWER: False
• Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. True or False
- ANSWER: True
• Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply
1) It is involved in cellular respiration
2) They are found far from the site of energy consumption
3) They play a role in apoptosis
4) They control free radicals - ANSWER: It is involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
• Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply
1) Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2 ) The main structural component is made of proteins
3) Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
4) Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation - ANSWER: Controls the
transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
• Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis
- ANSWER: Dry gangrene occurs when blood supply is slowly reduced to an area. The
area is dehydrated and becomes dark or black in color. Commonly seen in patients with
diabetes. It is not very painful, but tissues eventually die.
Wet gangrene is caused by a sudden reduction in blood flow. The area is cold and
swollen, with no pulse. This can occur from trauma. Bacteria is involved and is very
painful. It has the appearance of pus, because it looks wet. There is also a foul smell
• Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell
types. True or False
- ANSWER: False Answer: cell differentiation
• Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. True
or False
- ANSWER: False, Answer: cell proliferation
• What are two important properties that stem cells possess
- ANSWER: Potency and self-renewal
, Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS
231/BIOD 331 Final Exam; with complete
questions and Answers
• These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent that
they have lost their ability to divide
- ANSWER: progenitor or parent cells
• What is the name of the systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the
tumor as well as other distant sites
- ANSWER: chemotherapy
• The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known
as
- ANSWER: cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome
• Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders
- ANSWER: There are about 80 autoimmune disorders identified, with many
overlapping presentations. Blood tests can be more generic and results are imprecise.
Markers can be elevated in the Prescence of other diseases
• The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell receptors for a nonself-
antigen are allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection
True or False
- ANSWER: False
• Which lab value will typically be increased in a viral infection
1) Neutrophils
2) Eosinophils
3) Basophils
4) Lymphocytes - ANSWER: Lymphocytes
• A 9-year-old boy with a peanut allergy was exposed to peanuts. He presents to the
emergency room with an anaphylactic reaction. (1) What symptoms might he present
with? (2) Does the quantity of exposure mean he will have a more severe reaction? (3)
What is the initial immediate treatment? (4) What are 2 things people with anaphylaxis
should always carry?
- ANSWER: 1) Shortness of breath, skin redness/hives, GI discomfort such as
cramping, nausea.
2) No
3) epinephrine
4) identification of the allergy and EpiPen
• A 23-year-old African-American man with a history of severe lifelong anemia requiring
many transfusions has nonhealing leg ulcers and recurrent periods of abdominal and
chest pain. These signs and symptoms are most likely to be associated with which one
of the following laboratory abnormalities?
