A&P Holy Grail Final Review
medullary cone ANS: cone shaped ending of spinal cord at L1 or L2
lumbar cistern ANS: subarachnoid space inferior to medullary cone and contains cauda equina
cauda equina ANS: bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5
terminal filum ANS: extensions of pia mater beyond the medullary cone; anchors to coccyx
What neuron components does the CNS have? ANS: nuclei and tracts
nuclei ANS: clusters of neuron cell bodies found in the spinal cord and the brain
tracts ANS: bundles of axons found in the spinal and the brain
What neuron components does the PNS have? ANS: ganglia and nerves
ganglia ANS: clusters of neuron cell bodies found outside of the CNS
nerves ANS: bundles of axons found outside of the CNS
white matter ANS: composed of myelinated axons that appear white; found in brain and spinal cord
tracts of the CNS are composed of ____ ANS: white matter
,Nerves of the PNS are composed of ___ ANS: white matter
Gray matter ANS: composed of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated dendrites and axons and synapses
that appear gray; found in brain and spinal cord
Nuclei of the CNS are composed of ____ ANS: gray matter
Ganglia of the PNS are composed of ______ ANS: gray matter
central canal ANS: filled with CSF; located in the center of spinal cord
gray commissure ANS: two thin strips of gray matter that surrounds the central canal and connects the
horns
What parts of the internal spinal cord are made of gray matter? ANS: Anterior horn, lateral horn, and
posterior horn
anterior horn ANS: gives rise to motor nerve roots; neuron cell bodies found in the region are involved
in somatic motor functions (skeletal muscle contraction)
lateral horn ANS: found only in spinal cord between second thoracic vertebra and first lumbar region;
contains neuron cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
posterior horn ANS: gives rise to sensory nerve roots; neuron cell bodies found in this region are
involved in processing incoming somatic and visceral sensory information
ascending and descending tracts are made of ____ ANS: myelinated axons AKA white matter
,ascending tract ANS: carry sensory information up the spinal cord
descending tract ANS: carry motor signals down the spinal cord
Spinal white matter is located in these general regions ANS: anterior funiculus, lateral funiculus,
posterior funiculus
sensory pathways travel in .... ANS: posterior and lateral funiculi
motor pathways travels in .... ANS: anterior and lateral funiculi
contralateral ANS: origin and destination of a tract are on opposite sides of body
ipsilateral ANS: origin and destination of tract are on the same side of body; don't decussate
Ascending or descending? anterolateral system (spinothalamic and spinoreticular) ANS: Ascending
Decussation?
anterolateral system (spinothalamic and spinoreticular) ANS: in spinal cord
Ascending or descending?
posterior spinocerebellar ANS: ascending
Decussation?
posterior spinocerebellar ANS: none
, Ascending or descending?
anterior spinocerebellar ANS: ascending
Decussation?
anterior spinocerebellar ANS: in spinal cord
Ascending or descending?
posterior funiculus (gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus) ANS: ascending
Decussation?
posterior funiculus (gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus) ANS: in medulla
Ascending or descending?
lateral corticospinal ANS: descending
Decussation?
lateral corticospinal ANS: in medulla
ascending or descending?
anterior corticospinal ANS: descending
decussation?
anterior corticospinal ANS: in spinal cord
ascending or descending?
medullary cone ANS: cone shaped ending of spinal cord at L1 or L2
lumbar cistern ANS: subarachnoid space inferior to medullary cone and contains cauda equina
cauda equina ANS: bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5
terminal filum ANS: extensions of pia mater beyond the medullary cone; anchors to coccyx
What neuron components does the CNS have? ANS: nuclei and tracts
nuclei ANS: clusters of neuron cell bodies found in the spinal cord and the brain
tracts ANS: bundles of axons found in the spinal and the brain
What neuron components does the PNS have? ANS: ganglia and nerves
ganglia ANS: clusters of neuron cell bodies found outside of the CNS
nerves ANS: bundles of axons found outside of the CNS
white matter ANS: composed of myelinated axons that appear white; found in brain and spinal cord
tracts of the CNS are composed of ____ ANS: white matter
,Nerves of the PNS are composed of ___ ANS: white matter
Gray matter ANS: composed of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated dendrites and axons and synapses
that appear gray; found in brain and spinal cord
Nuclei of the CNS are composed of ____ ANS: gray matter
Ganglia of the PNS are composed of ______ ANS: gray matter
central canal ANS: filled with CSF; located in the center of spinal cord
gray commissure ANS: two thin strips of gray matter that surrounds the central canal and connects the
horns
What parts of the internal spinal cord are made of gray matter? ANS: Anterior horn, lateral horn, and
posterior horn
anterior horn ANS: gives rise to motor nerve roots; neuron cell bodies found in the region are involved
in somatic motor functions (skeletal muscle contraction)
lateral horn ANS: found only in spinal cord between second thoracic vertebra and first lumbar region;
contains neuron cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
posterior horn ANS: gives rise to sensory nerve roots; neuron cell bodies found in this region are
involved in processing incoming somatic and visceral sensory information
ascending and descending tracts are made of ____ ANS: myelinated axons AKA white matter
,ascending tract ANS: carry sensory information up the spinal cord
descending tract ANS: carry motor signals down the spinal cord
Spinal white matter is located in these general regions ANS: anterior funiculus, lateral funiculus,
posterior funiculus
sensory pathways travel in .... ANS: posterior and lateral funiculi
motor pathways travels in .... ANS: anterior and lateral funiculi
contralateral ANS: origin and destination of a tract are on opposite sides of body
ipsilateral ANS: origin and destination of tract are on the same side of body; don't decussate
Ascending or descending? anterolateral system (spinothalamic and spinoreticular) ANS: Ascending
Decussation?
anterolateral system (spinothalamic and spinoreticular) ANS: in spinal cord
Ascending or descending?
posterior spinocerebellar ANS: ascending
Decussation?
posterior spinocerebellar ANS: none
, Ascending or descending?
anterior spinocerebellar ANS: ascending
Decussation?
anterior spinocerebellar ANS: in spinal cord
Ascending or descending?
posterior funiculus (gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus) ANS: ascending
Decussation?
posterior funiculus (gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus) ANS: in medulla
Ascending or descending?
lateral corticospinal ANS: descending
Decussation?
lateral corticospinal ANS: in medulla
ascending or descending?
anterior corticospinal ANS: descending
decussation?
anterior corticospinal ANS: in spinal cord
ascending or descending?
