Fundamentals of Laparoscopic
Surgery, FLS exam 275 QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED ANSWERS 2025-2026
Describe a monopolar energy route?
-electrode > tissue > patient > return pad
Describe a bipolar energy route?
-electrode > tissue > electrode
--> electrodes shaped like forceps
Three modes of monopolar devices?
-cut
-coagulation
-blending
,Describe the mechanism of monopolar cutting?
-heats tissue quickly > converts water to steam > causes cells to
explode
Describe the mechanism of monopolar coagulation?
-rapid surface heating
What is current diversion and when does it occur?
-when current passes through unintentional tissue following the
path of least resistance
What precautions should surgeons take when utilizing
laparoscopy?
-inspect insulation carefully
-use lowest possible power setting
-use lowest voltage waveform possible
-use brief intermittent activation vs. prolonged activation
, -do not active unless in close proximity to target tissue
-do not activate in close proximity to another instrument
-use bipolar instrumentation when possible
What is capacitative coupling?
-the transfer of energy within an electrical network or between
distant networks by means of displacement current between
circuit nodes, induced by the electric field
What is direct coupling?
-the the transfer of electrical energy by means of physical
contact via a conductive medium (such as between two
instruments)
When is a narrow return circuit formed?
-when a monopolar instrument comes into contact with a ligated
tissue
Surgery, FLS exam 275 QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED ANSWERS 2025-2026
Describe a monopolar energy route?
-electrode > tissue > patient > return pad
Describe a bipolar energy route?
-electrode > tissue > electrode
--> electrodes shaped like forceps
Three modes of monopolar devices?
-cut
-coagulation
-blending
,Describe the mechanism of monopolar cutting?
-heats tissue quickly > converts water to steam > causes cells to
explode
Describe the mechanism of monopolar coagulation?
-rapid surface heating
What is current diversion and when does it occur?
-when current passes through unintentional tissue following the
path of least resistance
What precautions should surgeons take when utilizing
laparoscopy?
-inspect insulation carefully
-use lowest possible power setting
-use lowest voltage waveform possible
-use brief intermittent activation vs. prolonged activation
, -do not active unless in close proximity to target tissue
-do not activate in close proximity to another instrument
-use bipolar instrumentation when possible
What is capacitative coupling?
-the transfer of energy within an electrical network or between
distant networks by means of displacement current between
circuit nodes, induced by the electric field
What is direct coupling?
-the the transfer of electrical energy by means of physical
contact via a conductive medium (such as between two
instruments)
When is a narrow return circuit formed?
-when a monopolar instrument comes into contact with a ligated
tissue
