FLS EXAM 2025 (ACTUAL EXAM) | FUNDAMENTALS OF
LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM |
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Describe a monopolar energy route? - ANSWER -electrode > tissue > patient > return pad
Describe a bipolar energy route? - ANSWER -electrode > tissue > electrode
--> electrodes shaped like forceps
Three modes of monopolar devices? - ANSWER -cut
-coagulation
-blending
Describe the mechanism of monopolar cutting? - ANSWER -heats tissue quickly > converts
water to steam > causes cells to explode
Describe the mechanism of monopolar coagulation? - ANSWER -rapid surface heating
What is current diversion and when does it occur? - ANSWER -when current passes through
unintentional tissue following the path of least resistance
What precautions should surgeons take when utilizing laparoscopy? - ANSWER -inspect
insulation carefully
-use lowest possible power setting
-use lowest voltage waveform possible
-use brief intermittent activation vs. prolonged activation
,-do not active unless in close proximity to target tissue
-do not activate in close proximity to another instrument
-use bipolar instrumentation when possible
What is capacitative coupling? - ANSWER -the transfer of energy within an electrical network or
between distant networks by means of displacement current between circuit nodes, induced by
the electric field
What is direct coupling? - ANSWER -the the transfer of electrical energy by means of physical
contact via a conductive medium (such as between two instruments)
When is a narrow return circuit formed? - ANSWER -when a monopolar instrument comes into
contact with a ligated tissue
Bipolar instruments can seal vessels up to what diameter? - ANSWER -7 mm
Hazards of using bipolar instruments? - ANSWER -inadvertent thermal injury
-inadvertent cutting of patent before adequate sealing
-improper device function if metal is contained within the jaws
The harmonic is an example of what type of device? - ANSWER -piezoelectric transducer
The use of all plastic or all metal trocars can avoid which problem during electrosurgery? -
ANSWER -capacitative coupling
Surgeons should have their arms how many degrees away from their body? - ANSWER -30
degrees
,Elbows should be flexed between...? - ANSWER -60 to 120 degrees
Consideration for patients on steroids or immunosuppressive drugs? - ANSWER -may need
stress dosing
When should warfarin be discontinued before surgery? - ANSWER -three days
Any proof that NSAIDs need to be discontinued before surgery? - ANSWER -no
ASA class one? - ANSWER -no disturbance
ASA class two? - ANSWER -mild to moderate systemic disease
ASA class three? - ANSWER -severe systemic disease
What patients may not be suitable for LSC surgery? - ANSWER -ASA 4 and 5
How long should trocars be in obsese patients? - ANSWER -greater than 100 mm
Approaches to minimizing complications during entry in thin patients? - ANSWER -elevating
abdominal wall
-place veress near costal margin
-use hassan open approach or direct entry
Absolute contraindications to laparoscopy? - ANSWER -hypovolemic shock
-lack of training
-lack of institutional support
, -can't tolerate laparotomy
Relative contraindications to laparoscopy? - ANSWER -inability to tolerate general anesthesia
-long-standing peritonitis
-large abdominal or pelvic mass
-massive incarcerated ventral and inguinal hernias
-severe cardiopulmonary disease
Contraindications to LSC cholecystectomy? - ANSWER -gallbladder cancer
-portal HTN
-cirrhosis
-acute cholecystitis
-mirizzi syndrome
Contraindications to LSC colon resection? - ANSWER -large fixed mass
-dense pelvic adhesions
-massive bowel dilation
-T4 tumors
Contraindications to LSC appendectomy? - ANSWER -phlegmon
-large abscess
Contraindications to emergency LSC? - ANSWER -longstanding peritonitis
-hemodynamic instability
-massive bowel dilation
LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM |
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Describe a monopolar energy route? - ANSWER -electrode > tissue > patient > return pad
Describe a bipolar energy route? - ANSWER -electrode > tissue > electrode
--> electrodes shaped like forceps
Three modes of monopolar devices? - ANSWER -cut
-coagulation
-blending
Describe the mechanism of monopolar cutting? - ANSWER -heats tissue quickly > converts
water to steam > causes cells to explode
Describe the mechanism of monopolar coagulation? - ANSWER -rapid surface heating
What is current diversion and when does it occur? - ANSWER -when current passes through
unintentional tissue following the path of least resistance
What precautions should surgeons take when utilizing laparoscopy? - ANSWER -inspect
insulation carefully
-use lowest possible power setting
-use lowest voltage waveform possible
-use brief intermittent activation vs. prolonged activation
,-do not active unless in close proximity to target tissue
-do not activate in close proximity to another instrument
-use bipolar instrumentation when possible
What is capacitative coupling? - ANSWER -the transfer of energy within an electrical network or
between distant networks by means of displacement current between circuit nodes, induced by
the electric field
What is direct coupling? - ANSWER -the the transfer of electrical energy by means of physical
contact via a conductive medium (such as between two instruments)
When is a narrow return circuit formed? - ANSWER -when a monopolar instrument comes into
contact with a ligated tissue
Bipolar instruments can seal vessels up to what diameter? - ANSWER -7 mm
Hazards of using bipolar instruments? - ANSWER -inadvertent thermal injury
-inadvertent cutting of patent before adequate sealing
-improper device function if metal is contained within the jaws
The harmonic is an example of what type of device? - ANSWER -piezoelectric transducer
The use of all plastic or all metal trocars can avoid which problem during electrosurgery? -
ANSWER -capacitative coupling
Surgeons should have their arms how many degrees away from their body? - ANSWER -30
degrees
,Elbows should be flexed between...? - ANSWER -60 to 120 degrees
Consideration for patients on steroids or immunosuppressive drugs? - ANSWER -may need
stress dosing
When should warfarin be discontinued before surgery? - ANSWER -three days
Any proof that NSAIDs need to be discontinued before surgery? - ANSWER -no
ASA class one? - ANSWER -no disturbance
ASA class two? - ANSWER -mild to moderate systemic disease
ASA class three? - ANSWER -severe systemic disease
What patients may not be suitable for LSC surgery? - ANSWER -ASA 4 and 5
How long should trocars be in obsese patients? - ANSWER -greater than 100 mm
Approaches to minimizing complications during entry in thin patients? - ANSWER -elevating
abdominal wall
-place veress near costal margin
-use hassan open approach or direct entry
Absolute contraindications to laparoscopy? - ANSWER -hypovolemic shock
-lack of training
-lack of institutional support
, -can't tolerate laparotomy
Relative contraindications to laparoscopy? - ANSWER -inability to tolerate general anesthesia
-long-standing peritonitis
-large abdominal or pelvic mass
-massive incarcerated ventral and inguinal hernias
-severe cardiopulmonary disease
Contraindications to LSC cholecystectomy? - ANSWER -gallbladder cancer
-portal HTN
-cirrhosis
-acute cholecystitis
-mirizzi syndrome
Contraindications to LSC colon resection? - ANSWER -large fixed mass
-dense pelvic adhesions
-massive bowel dilation
-T4 tumors
Contraindications to LSC appendectomy? - ANSWER -phlegmon
-large abscess
Contraindications to emergency LSC? - ANSWER -longstanding peritonitis
-hemodynamic instability
-massive bowel dilation
