NTR 401 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION

NTR 401 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION 1) Unlike the rdas, the dris include what "non-classical nutrition"? - answer cholesterol 2) Two most essential trace elements - answer boron & chromium 3) Dietary guideline, 1941, prevent nutrient deficiencies - answer rda 4) Conditionally essential - answer not synthesized in adequate amounts in specific populations 5) Rda has a greater than average requirement for all nutrients except - answer energy 6) Year of mccollum/osborne/mendel - answer 1910 7) Ai recommended when we can't use - answer ear 8) Harper says what is not essential nutrient - answer phytonutrients 9) Non-classical nutrient - answer cholesterol 10) Least likely used when predicting % of population won't meet nutrient requirements - answer completely different types of endpoints for determining adequacy for nutrients that have an rda compared to ai 11) Least likely to be used in the "road map" to dri values - answer creating a new system that will determine that exact requirement of every individual in a population 12) Dri that meets 97-98% of population - answer rda 13) Hormones ---- *cck ---- *insulin ---- *ghrelin ---- *glp-1 ---- *leptin ---- - answer origin tissue *duodenum *pancreas (beta-cells) *stomach *ileum/jejunum (l-cells) *fat cells 14) Nutrient that ear or ai is based on storage in tissues - answer vitamin d based on serum 25-oh cholecalciferol 15) Integrates food intake signals - answer arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus 16) Cns integrates hunger signals from - answer gastrointestinal system Auditory & visual systems Adipose tissues 17) Does not secrete hormone for food intake - answer heart 18) Not a reason people over eat - answer being overweight is seen as high social status 19) Not a theory of food intake regulation - answer bacteria in the colon secrete factors that cause hunger when they sense their nutrient supply is getting low 20) Hormones that increase during fasting - answer glucagon & ghrelin 21) Least impact on homeostasis - answer hair & nail growth and shedding of skin 22) Adipose tissue is regulated by - answer endocrine organ & regulated variable 23) Sequence of digestive organs - answer pharynx -- esophagus -- pylorus -- duodenum -- jejunum -- ileum -- ascending colon -- transverse colon -- descending colon 24) Glands ---- *submandibular/sublingual glands -- *pancreas ---- *gastric gland ---- *gall bladder ---- *liver ---- - answer substance *salivary amylase *trypsonogen *intrinsic factor *bile *bile acids 25) Substrate ---- *c-terminal amino acids on a peptide chain ---- *peptide bonds w/ (+) charged residue ---- *lecithin ---- *glucose-glucose disacharride ---- *triglyceride ---- - answer enzymes *carboxypeptidase *trypsin *phospholipase *maltase-glucoamylase *gastric lipase 26) Functions ---- *secrete pepsinogen ---- *secrete gastrin ---- *secrete hcl ---- *secrete mucin glycoproteins ---- *contractions that break down food --- - answer cells *chief cells *g-cells *parietal cells *goblet cells *smooth muscle cells 27) Responsible for % of ca+ absorbed, produced in enterocytes - answer calbindin-d 28) Breakdown of carbs - answer pancreatic amylase 29) Functions of the colon - answer fermentation of non-digestible carbs Reabsorption of water & electrolytes Bacterial interactions 30) Enterocytes - answer cells lining the small intestine responsible for absorption 31) Decreased activity of lactase phlorazin-hydrolase - answer lactose intolerance 32) Secreted by exocrine pancreas in inactive form - answer zymogen 33) Denaturing - answer cooking food before eating it 34) Saliva from parotid gland - answer moistens mouth for speech & swallowing Protect teeth from decay Secrete na+ bicarb to maintain neutral ph 35) Active transport molecule responsible for acidifying stomach - answer k+/h+ exchanging atpase 36) In basolateral membrane, regulates rate of fe absorption - answer ferriportin 37) Route of excretion ---- *unabsorbed fecal excretion ---- *biliary excretion into feces ---- *kidney excretion ---- *respiratory route ---- - answer nutrient *dietary fiber *cholesterol *k+ *carbon dioxide 38) Description ---- *defective expression in the kidney limits cl-/hco3 exchange so the blood is too acid ---- *excretion of na+/k+ from the kidneys ---- *secreted by heart to lower na+ ---- *increase endothelial cells permeability to water --- *substrate for renin from the liver ---- *juxtaglomerular secretes to bp change ---- - answer hormone/enzyme 39) *carbonic anhydrase *aldosterone *anp *adh *angiotensinogen *renin 40) Description ---- *high dietary intake ---- *abdominal adiposity ---- *low dietary intake ---- *metabolic conditions ---- *more common in african americans- - answer hypertension risk factor *na+ *hyperinsulinemia *k+ *hyperglycemia *genetics 41) Cellulose reduce serum cholesterol by binding to - answer bile acids 42) Functional fiber - answer synthetic polydextran 43) Non-digestible polysaccharide made by animals - answer chitin 44) Kupffer cells - answer excrete body metabolites into bile 45) Promotes fecal non-heme iron excretion (in tea, wine & peanut skins) - answer tannin 46) Increase excretion of calcium - answer oxalic acid 47) Increases fecal excretion - answer chloride 48) Vitamin compound ---- menaquinone ---- cholecalciferol ---- phylloquinone ---- ergocalciferol ---- - answer description *vit k produced by bacteria *vit d produced by animals *vit k produced by plants *vit d produced by plants 49) Cells found in bone - answer osteoblast Osteoclast Osteoyte Erythroblast (not myocyte) 50) Muscle stores - answer water Phosphorus Protein Zinc Potassium 51) Proteins found in nearly all cells (cause muscle contractions) - answer myosin & actin 52) Protein synthesized in muscles - answer 5.75 times the recommended dietary intake 53) Vitamin d deficiency rickets - answer bowed legs Enlarged & lumpy joints Flexible bones