Chapter 15: The Immune System: Inflammation and Innate Immunity
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Bacterial cells may be phagocytized and processed for presentation by
a. erythrocytes. c. T cells.
b. macrophages. d. mast cells.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.1
OBJ: 15.1b Describe the various cells and organs that constitute the immune system.
MSC: Understanding
2. Macrophages arise from which of the following?
a. neutrophils c. eosinophils
b. monocytes d. basophils
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.1
OBJ: 15.1b Describe the various cells and organs that constitute the immune system.
MSC: Remembering
3. An immune response that is always on and nonspecific is called ________ immunity.
a. innate c. humoral
b. adaptive d. cell-mediated
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 15.1
OBJ: 15.1a Distinguish between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
MSC: Remembering
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of a white blood cell (WBC)?
a. mast cell c. monocyte
b. macrophage d. erythrocyte
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 15.1
OBJ: 15.1c Discuss the white blood cell count differential and its role in diagnosing infectious
disease. MSC: Understanding
5. Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical barrier to infection?
a. skin c. defensins
b. lungs d. mucosal membranes
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 15.2
OBJ: 15.2a Describe the physical barriers to infection. MSC: Understanding
6. A specialized macrophage located in skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) is called
a. macrophage. c. a dendritic cell.
b. alveolar macrophage. d. a Langerhans cell.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 15.2
OBJ: 15.2b Explain the basic roles of SALT, GALT, and M cells in innate immunity.
, MSC: Remembering
7. Lysozyme is an example of a(n)
a. chemical barrier. c. defensin.
b. physical barrier. d. adaptive immune response.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 15.2
OBJ: 15.2c Describe chemical barriers employed by cells of the innate immune system.
MSC: Remembering
8. Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
a. heat c. pain
b. edema d. pus formation
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 15.3
OBJ: 15.3a List the five cardinal signs of inflammation. MSC: Understanding
9. Small protein molecules secreted by macrophages are called
a. vasoactive factors. c. selectins.
b. cytokines. d. bradykinin.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.3
OBJ: 15.3b Outline the process of inflammation. MSC: Remembering
10. A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding.
Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?
a. skin normal flora c. Langerhans cells
b. lysozyme d. acidic skin secretions
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 15.2
OBJ: 15.2a Describe the physical barriers to infection. MSC: Analyzing
11. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Type I and type II interferons have the same effect on the body.
b. Interferon-alpha promotes phagocytosis.
c. Type II interferons increase MHC antigens on the surface of macrophages.
d. Interferon-gamma is a type I interferon.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 15.5
OBJ: 15.5a Describe the host-specific, antimicrobial function of interferons.
MSC: Analyzing
12. The classical, alternative, and lectin complement pathways all converge with the activation of
a. C1. c. C3.
b. C2. d. C5.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 15.7
OBJ: 15.7b Distinguish between the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways of complement
activation. MSC: Understanding
, 13. Vasodilation promoted by the release of vasoactive factors from macrophages leads to which of the
following?
a. stimulation of local nerve endings, causing pain
b. decrease of fluid accumulation at the site
c. loss of heat to the affected area
d. decrease of blood flow to the affected area
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 15.3
OBJ: 15.3c Describe the roles of vasoactive factors and cytokines.
MSC: Understanding
14. A consequence of chronic inflammation for the host is the formation of a
a. boil. c. abscess.
b. granuloma. d. cyst.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.3
OBJ: 15.3d Differentiate acute from chronic inflammation. MSC: Understanding
15. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Macrophages interact with inhibitory glycoproteins to recognize self.
b. Phagocytosis is a specific immune response.
c. Opsonization prevents phagocytosis.
d. Capsules enhance phagocytosis.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 15.4
OBJ: 15.4a Describe how phagocytes recognize foreign cells. MSC: Analyzing
16. Penicillin interferes with bacterial cell walls. Which of the following interferes with the bacterial cell
wall inside the phagolysosome?
a. lactoferrin c. lysozyme
b. defensins d. oxygen radicals
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 15.4
OBJ: 15.4b Explain the mechanisms phagocytes use to kill engulfed cells.
MSC: Applying
17. An example of oxygen-dependent killing is
a. lactoferrin. c. lysozyme.
b. superoxide ion. d. defensins.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.4
OBJ: 15.4b Explain the mechanisms phagocytes use to kill engulfed cells.
MSC: Remembering
18. All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT that they
a. are a type of lymphocyte.
b. have the ability to kill infected host cells.
c. destroy cells via phagocytosis.
d. release toxic substances that induce cellular death.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 15.5
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Bacterial cells may be phagocytized and processed for presentation by
a. erythrocytes. c. T cells.
b. macrophages. d. mast cells.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.1
OBJ: 15.1b Describe the various cells and organs that constitute the immune system.
MSC: Understanding
2. Macrophages arise from which of the following?
a. neutrophils c. eosinophils
b. monocytes d. basophils
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.1
OBJ: 15.1b Describe the various cells and organs that constitute the immune system.
MSC: Remembering
3. An immune response that is always on and nonspecific is called ________ immunity.
a. innate c. humoral
b. adaptive d. cell-mediated
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 15.1
OBJ: 15.1a Distinguish between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
MSC: Remembering
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of a white blood cell (WBC)?
a. mast cell c. monocyte
b. macrophage d. erythrocyte
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 15.1
OBJ: 15.1c Discuss the white blood cell count differential and its role in diagnosing infectious
disease. MSC: Understanding
5. Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical barrier to infection?
a. skin c. defensins
b. lungs d. mucosal membranes
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 15.2
OBJ: 15.2a Describe the physical barriers to infection. MSC: Understanding
6. A specialized macrophage located in skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) is called
a. macrophage. c. a dendritic cell.
b. alveolar macrophage. d. a Langerhans cell.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 15.2
OBJ: 15.2b Explain the basic roles of SALT, GALT, and M cells in innate immunity.
, MSC: Remembering
7. Lysozyme is an example of a(n)
a. chemical barrier. c. defensin.
b. physical barrier. d. adaptive immune response.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 15.2
OBJ: 15.2c Describe chemical barriers employed by cells of the innate immune system.
MSC: Remembering
8. Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
a. heat c. pain
b. edema d. pus formation
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 15.3
OBJ: 15.3a List the five cardinal signs of inflammation. MSC: Understanding
9. Small protein molecules secreted by macrophages are called
a. vasoactive factors. c. selectins.
b. cytokines. d. bradykinin.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.3
OBJ: 15.3b Outline the process of inflammation. MSC: Remembering
10. A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding.
Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?
a. skin normal flora c. Langerhans cells
b. lysozyme d. acidic skin secretions
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 15.2
OBJ: 15.2a Describe the physical barriers to infection. MSC: Analyzing
11. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Type I and type II interferons have the same effect on the body.
b. Interferon-alpha promotes phagocytosis.
c. Type II interferons increase MHC antigens on the surface of macrophages.
d. Interferon-gamma is a type I interferon.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 15.5
OBJ: 15.5a Describe the host-specific, antimicrobial function of interferons.
MSC: Analyzing
12. The classical, alternative, and lectin complement pathways all converge with the activation of
a. C1. c. C3.
b. C2. d. C5.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 15.7
OBJ: 15.7b Distinguish between the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways of complement
activation. MSC: Understanding
, 13. Vasodilation promoted by the release of vasoactive factors from macrophages leads to which of the
following?
a. stimulation of local nerve endings, causing pain
b. decrease of fluid accumulation at the site
c. loss of heat to the affected area
d. decrease of blood flow to the affected area
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 15.3
OBJ: 15.3c Describe the roles of vasoactive factors and cytokines.
MSC: Understanding
14. A consequence of chronic inflammation for the host is the formation of a
a. boil. c. abscess.
b. granuloma. d. cyst.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.3
OBJ: 15.3d Differentiate acute from chronic inflammation. MSC: Understanding
15. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Macrophages interact with inhibitory glycoproteins to recognize self.
b. Phagocytosis is a specific immune response.
c. Opsonization prevents phagocytosis.
d. Capsules enhance phagocytosis.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 15.4
OBJ: 15.4a Describe how phagocytes recognize foreign cells. MSC: Analyzing
16. Penicillin interferes with bacterial cell walls. Which of the following interferes with the bacterial cell
wall inside the phagolysosome?
a. lactoferrin c. lysozyme
b. defensins d. oxygen radicals
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 15.4
OBJ: 15.4b Explain the mechanisms phagocytes use to kill engulfed cells.
MSC: Applying
17. An example of oxygen-dependent killing is
a. lactoferrin. c. lysozyme.
b. superoxide ion. d. defensins.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 15.4
OBJ: 15.4b Explain the mechanisms phagocytes use to kill engulfed cells.
MSC: Remembering
18. All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT that they
a. are a type of lymphocyte.
b. have the ability to kill infected host cells.
c. destroy cells via phagocytosis.
d. release toxic substances that induce cellular death.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 15.5
