Chapter 14: Normal Human Microbiota: A Delicate Balance of Power
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The presence of ________ is essential for preventing respiratory infections.
a. bacteremia c. vegetations
b. epidermis d. the mucociliary escalator
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1a List body compartments that are sterile and discuss why they are sterile.
MSC: Remembering
2. Which microbial reservoir has the largest anaerobe to aerobe ratio?
a. intestine c. mouth
b. genitourinary tract d. skin
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1b List body compartments that are populated by microbiota, and name the key species
found in each. MSC: Understanding
3. When do anaerobes begin to colonize the human oral cavity?
a. when teeth emerge c. during birth
b. in the womb d. during the first feeding
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1b List body compartments that are populated by microbiota, and name the key species
found in each. MSC: Understanding
4. Which of the following is NOT a useful function of the gut microflora?
a. fermenting unused energy substrates
b. training the immune system
c. supporting the growth of pathogenic bacteria
d. regulating the development of the gut
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1b List body compartments that are populated by microbiota, and name the key species
found in each. MSC: Understanding
5. In addition to digested food, where do carbohydrates come from in the large intestine?
a. mucus secretions c. saccharolytic fungi
b. dead cells d. arteries
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1b List body compartments that are populated by microbiota, and name the key species
found in each. MSC: Understanding
6. Which of the following is an optimal pH for the growth of Helicobacter pylori, a common inhabitant
of the human stomach?
a. pH 1 c. pH 5
, b. pH 3 d. pH 7
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1c Identify key features of populated body sites that influence microbiota composition.
MSC: Applying
7. Why do individuals take probiotics?
a. to directly kill intestinal pathogens
b. to secrete hormones that lead to weight loss
c. to provide a more fermentative environment
d. to restore balance to the microbial community
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1c Identify key features of populated body sites that influence microbiota composition.
MSC: Applying
8. What would be the expected aerobe to anaerobe ratio of the belly button?
a. 10:1 c. 1:100
b. 1:10 d. 1:1000
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1c Identify key features of populated body sites that influence microbiota composition.
MSC: Analyzing
9. Why do the residents of our normal microbiota not regularly invade other tissues of the body?
a. They are inhibited by pathogens.
b. They have not evolved the ability.
c. They are not able to survive in other tissues.
d. Our normal microbiota does regularly invade other tissues of the body.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 14.2
OBJ: 14.2a Describe ways that microbiota benefit the health of their host.
MSC: Applying
10. Which of the following can act as an immunomodulin?
a. cytokines c. catalase
b. enterotoxins d. hydrogen peroxide
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 14.2
OBJ: 14.2a Describe ways that microbiota benefit the health of their host.
MSC: Understanding
11. Which of the following would NOT be a good organism choice for a vaccine delivery system?
a. Streptococcus salivarius c. Staphylococcus epidermidis
b. Lactobacillus acidophilus d. Staphylococcus aureus
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 14.2
OBJ: 14.2a Describe ways that microbiota benefit the health of their host.
MSC: Applying
12. Which of the following is evidenced by the health of gnotobiotic mice?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The presence of ________ is essential for preventing respiratory infections.
a. bacteremia c. vegetations
b. epidermis d. the mucociliary escalator
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1a List body compartments that are sterile and discuss why they are sterile.
MSC: Remembering
2. Which microbial reservoir has the largest anaerobe to aerobe ratio?
a. intestine c. mouth
b. genitourinary tract d. skin
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1b List body compartments that are populated by microbiota, and name the key species
found in each. MSC: Understanding
3. When do anaerobes begin to colonize the human oral cavity?
a. when teeth emerge c. during birth
b. in the womb d. during the first feeding
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1b List body compartments that are populated by microbiota, and name the key species
found in each. MSC: Understanding
4. Which of the following is NOT a useful function of the gut microflora?
a. fermenting unused energy substrates
b. training the immune system
c. supporting the growth of pathogenic bacteria
d. regulating the development of the gut
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1b List body compartments that are populated by microbiota, and name the key species
found in each. MSC: Understanding
5. In addition to digested food, where do carbohydrates come from in the large intestine?
a. mucus secretions c. saccharolytic fungi
b. dead cells d. arteries
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1b List body compartments that are populated by microbiota, and name the key species
found in each. MSC: Understanding
6. Which of the following is an optimal pH for the growth of Helicobacter pylori, a common inhabitant
of the human stomach?
a. pH 1 c. pH 5
, b. pH 3 d. pH 7
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1c Identify key features of populated body sites that influence microbiota composition.
MSC: Applying
7. Why do individuals take probiotics?
a. to directly kill intestinal pathogens
b. to secrete hormones that lead to weight loss
c. to provide a more fermentative environment
d. to restore balance to the microbial community
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1c Identify key features of populated body sites that influence microbiota composition.
MSC: Applying
8. What would be the expected aerobe to anaerobe ratio of the belly button?
a. 10:1 c. 1:100
b. 1:10 d. 1:1000
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 14.1
OBJ: 14.1c Identify key features of populated body sites that influence microbiota composition.
MSC: Analyzing
9. Why do the residents of our normal microbiota not regularly invade other tissues of the body?
a. They are inhibited by pathogens.
b. They have not evolved the ability.
c. They are not able to survive in other tissues.
d. Our normal microbiota does regularly invade other tissues of the body.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 14.2
OBJ: 14.2a Describe ways that microbiota benefit the health of their host.
MSC: Applying
10. Which of the following can act as an immunomodulin?
a. cytokines c. catalase
b. enterotoxins d. hydrogen peroxide
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 14.2
OBJ: 14.2a Describe ways that microbiota benefit the health of their host.
MSC: Understanding
11. Which of the following would NOT be a good organism choice for a vaccine delivery system?
a. Streptococcus salivarius c. Staphylococcus epidermidis
b. Lactobacillus acidophilus d. Staphylococcus aureus
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 14.2
OBJ: 14.2a Describe ways that microbiota benefit the health of their host.
MSC: Applying
12. Which of the following is evidenced by the health of gnotobiotic mice?
