CLINICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 LCON MCGOWEN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Is atrophy reversible? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Yes
Whats is Atrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cell decreases in size because demand decreases
"You don't use it, you loose it!"
What are the five causes of cell atrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Disuse
2. Ischemia (inadequate blood supply to organ/body part)
3. Endocrine dysfunction
4. Persistent cell injury
5. Aging
What is hypertrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cell increases in size because demand increases
Hypertrophy can either be.... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-physiologic (normal)
-pathologic (abnormal)
Examples of physiologic hypertrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-weight lifting
Examples of pathologic hypertrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-an enlarged organ
What is hyperplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-increased number of cells
Hyperplasia can be.... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Physiologic
-Pathologic
Example of physiologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Breast enlargement during puberty
,example of pathologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅enlargement of prostate gland
What is metaplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅replacement of one cell type with another
Is metaplasia reversible or irreversible? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅reversible
*replaces one cell with another cell
1. Cell remains same basic tissue type
2. Usually occurs in response to Chronic irritation and inflammation
3. Reversible - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Metaplasia
What is Dysplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cell mutates with abnormal variations in size, shape and
arrangement
*Cells mutate with abnormal variations in SIZE, SHAPE, and ARRANGEMENT
1. Abnormal
2. May be reversible
3. Strong precursor for cancer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dysplasia
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypoxic injury
Results From:
-Reduced amount of O2 in the air
-Loss of hemoglobin or decreased efficacy of Hemoglobin
-Decreased production of RBC (anemia)
-Poisoning of the oxidative enzymes within the cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypoxic injury
, Most common cause of Hypoxic injury? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ishcemia (blood flow stops from heart
attack, stroke, blood clot, gradual narrowing of arteries, ect.)
what is an Ischemia-reperflusion injury? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅when there is much oxygen in an area
without oxygen there will be too many free radicals in a cell causing the cell to implode.
EX: opening a blood clot too soon.
What are free radicals and reactive oxygen species? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Electrically uncharged
atom or atoms having an unpaired electron causing damage to:
-Lipid peroxidation
-Alteration of proteins
-Alteration of DNA
-Mitochondria
What causes Chemical injury to cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-lead
-ethanol
-Carbon monoxide
-mercury
-Social/Street Drugs
-medications
Blunt force injuries - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Contusion (Bruise)
-Abrasion (Scrapes)
-Laceration (gash)
-Fracture
Sharp force injuries - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Puncture wounds
-Stab wounds
-incised wounds (clean cut)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Is atrophy reversible? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Yes
Whats is Atrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cell decreases in size because demand decreases
"You don't use it, you loose it!"
What are the five causes of cell atrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Disuse
2. Ischemia (inadequate blood supply to organ/body part)
3. Endocrine dysfunction
4. Persistent cell injury
5. Aging
What is hypertrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cell increases in size because demand increases
Hypertrophy can either be.... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-physiologic (normal)
-pathologic (abnormal)
Examples of physiologic hypertrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-weight lifting
Examples of pathologic hypertrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-an enlarged organ
What is hyperplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-increased number of cells
Hyperplasia can be.... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Physiologic
-Pathologic
Example of physiologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Breast enlargement during puberty
,example of pathologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅enlargement of prostate gland
What is metaplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅replacement of one cell type with another
Is metaplasia reversible or irreversible? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅reversible
*replaces one cell with another cell
1. Cell remains same basic tissue type
2. Usually occurs in response to Chronic irritation and inflammation
3. Reversible - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Metaplasia
What is Dysplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cell mutates with abnormal variations in size, shape and
arrangement
*Cells mutate with abnormal variations in SIZE, SHAPE, and ARRANGEMENT
1. Abnormal
2. May be reversible
3. Strong precursor for cancer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dysplasia
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypoxic injury
Results From:
-Reduced amount of O2 in the air
-Loss of hemoglobin or decreased efficacy of Hemoglobin
-Decreased production of RBC (anemia)
-Poisoning of the oxidative enzymes within the cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypoxic injury
, Most common cause of Hypoxic injury? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ishcemia (blood flow stops from heart
attack, stroke, blood clot, gradual narrowing of arteries, ect.)
what is an Ischemia-reperflusion injury? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅when there is much oxygen in an area
without oxygen there will be too many free radicals in a cell causing the cell to implode.
EX: opening a blood clot too soon.
What are free radicals and reactive oxygen species? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Electrically uncharged
atom or atoms having an unpaired electron causing damage to:
-Lipid peroxidation
-Alteration of proteins
-Alteration of DNA
-Mitochondria
What causes Chemical injury to cells? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-lead
-ethanol
-Carbon monoxide
-mercury
-Social/Street Drugs
-medications
Blunt force injuries - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Contusion (Bruise)
-Abrasion (Scrapes)
-Laceration (gash)
-Fracture
Sharp force injuries - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Puncture wounds
-Stab wounds
-incised wounds (clean cut)
