NSG 430 TOPIC 8
1. Interventions for heat cramps: Rest
Oral or parenteral replacement of fluid and electrolytes (gatorade)Elevation, gentle massage,
and analgesia minimize pain
Avoid strenuous exercise for at least 12 hours
Emphasize salt replacement or commercially prepared electrolyte solutions in future(gatorade)
2. Prolonged exposure to heat over hours or days when engaged in strenu-ous activity in hot,
humid weather: Heat exhaustion
3. S/S of heat exhaustion: fatigue, nausea and vomiting, extreme thirst hypotension,
tachycardia, elevated body temperature, dilated pupils, mild confusion,ashen color, profuse
sweating
4. Core temperature of someone with heat exhaustion: 99.6° to 105.8° F or37.5° to 41° C
5. Interventions for heat exhaustion: Correlate fluid replacement (IV, oral) toclinical and lab
findings
Evaporative cooling measures - moist sheet placed over patient to decrease coretemperature
6. most serious form of heat stress, at this point sweat glands have stopped functioning;
medical emergency: Heat stroke
7. True or false: If a patient who came in with heat exhaustion stops sweating without any
interventions having been done, this means that their temperature regulation has spontaneously
improved.: False, this patient now is in heat stroke. Within 10-15 minutes their core temperature
is about to sky rocket :)
8. S/S of heat stroke: Core temperature higher than 105.8° F (41° C)Altered mental status;
confusion leading to coma
HypotensionTachycardiaTachypnea Weakness
Hot, dry skin; absence of perspirationCirculatory collapse
9. Core temperature of someone in heat stroke: higher than 105.8° F (41° C)
10. Interventions for heat stroke: Stabilize ABCsRapidly lower core temperature
Monitor for dysrhythmiasAdminister 100% O2
Ventilate with BVM or intubate with mechanical ventilationContinuous ECG and pulse ox
Monitor labs
Correct electrolyte and coagulation abnormalitiesClosely monitor temperature
Control shivering
11. Most effective treatment for lowering core body temperature: cold waterimmerssion
, 12. Other measures for lowering body temperature: Cool environmentSpraying patient with
cool water in front of a large fan
Place a moist sheet over patient Apply ice packs to groins and axilla
Refractory cases: peritoneal or rectal lavage with iced fluids
13. Why is it important to control shivering when trying to lower a patient's body
temperature?: Shivering increases core temperature and complicates cool-ing efforts
14. Why would the nurse monitor urine for color, amount, pH, and myoglobinin the urine in a
patient with heat stroke?: Assessing for complication of rhab- domyolysis
15. a localized injury from overexposure to cold; Tissue freezing leads to icecrystals in tissues
and cells: Frostbite
16. abnormally low body temperature; systemic: Hypothermia
17. True or false: Smokers are at an increased risk for hypothermia.: True,because of
vasoconstrictive effects of nicotine.
18. S/S of superficial frostbite: Skin appears waxy pale yellow to blue to mottled;feels
crunchy and frozen
Tingling, numbness, or burning
19. The nurse sees the patient with superficial frostbite in his foot squeezing,massaging, and
scrubbing the injured tissue. What is the nurse's next action?-
: STOP them
20. True or false: Swelling occurs after thawing superficially frostbitten tissue.-
: True, so remove clothing and jewelry to prevent constriction of circulation
21. Interventions for frost bite: Immerse affected area in circulating water- tem-perature
controlled 99.0°-102° F (37.2°-38.9° C)
Use warm soaks for facial areas Avoid heavy blankets and clothing
Provide analgesics and tetanus prophalaxisEvaluate for systemic hypothermia
22. regional resource, state-of-the-science care, education, outreach, and re-search: Level I
trauma center
23. provides care for trauma patients and transfer to Level I if needed (most hospitals); not
requires to participate in education and research: Level II trau-ma center
24. community hospital where no Level I or II exists: Level III trauma center
25. provides advanced trauma life support (ATLS) and transfer; main goal isstabilization for
transfer: Level IV trauma center
26. prevent the event: Primary prevention
27. minimize the impact of the traumatic event: Secondary prevention
28. maximize patient outcomes after a traumatic event through emergencyresponse systems,
1. Interventions for heat cramps: Rest
Oral or parenteral replacement of fluid and electrolytes (gatorade)Elevation, gentle massage,
and analgesia minimize pain
Avoid strenuous exercise for at least 12 hours
Emphasize salt replacement or commercially prepared electrolyte solutions in future(gatorade)
2. Prolonged exposure to heat over hours or days when engaged in strenu-ous activity in hot,
humid weather: Heat exhaustion
3. S/S of heat exhaustion: fatigue, nausea and vomiting, extreme thirst hypotension,
tachycardia, elevated body temperature, dilated pupils, mild confusion,ashen color, profuse
sweating
4. Core temperature of someone with heat exhaustion: 99.6° to 105.8° F or37.5° to 41° C
5. Interventions for heat exhaustion: Correlate fluid replacement (IV, oral) toclinical and lab
findings
Evaporative cooling measures - moist sheet placed over patient to decrease coretemperature
6. most serious form of heat stress, at this point sweat glands have stopped functioning;
medical emergency: Heat stroke
7. True or false: If a patient who came in with heat exhaustion stops sweating without any
interventions having been done, this means that their temperature regulation has spontaneously
improved.: False, this patient now is in heat stroke. Within 10-15 minutes their core temperature
is about to sky rocket :)
8. S/S of heat stroke: Core temperature higher than 105.8° F (41° C)Altered mental status;
confusion leading to coma
HypotensionTachycardiaTachypnea Weakness
Hot, dry skin; absence of perspirationCirculatory collapse
9. Core temperature of someone in heat stroke: higher than 105.8° F (41° C)
10. Interventions for heat stroke: Stabilize ABCsRapidly lower core temperature
Monitor for dysrhythmiasAdminister 100% O2
Ventilate with BVM or intubate with mechanical ventilationContinuous ECG and pulse ox
Monitor labs
Correct electrolyte and coagulation abnormalitiesClosely monitor temperature
Control shivering
11. Most effective treatment for lowering core body temperature: cold waterimmerssion
, 12. Other measures for lowering body temperature: Cool environmentSpraying patient with
cool water in front of a large fan
Place a moist sheet over patient Apply ice packs to groins and axilla
Refractory cases: peritoneal or rectal lavage with iced fluids
13. Why is it important to control shivering when trying to lower a patient's body
temperature?: Shivering increases core temperature and complicates cool-ing efforts
14. Why would the nurse monitor urine for color, amount, pH, and myoglobinin the urine in a
patient with heat stroke?: Assessing for complication of rhab- domyolysis
15. a localized injury from overexposure to cold; Tissue freezing leads to icecrystals in tissues
and cells: Frostbite
16. abnormally low body temperature; systemic: Hypothermia
17. True or false: Smokers are at an increased risk for hypothermia.: True,because of
vasoconstrictive effects of nicotine.
18. S/S of superficial frostbite: Skin appears waxy pale yellow to blue to mottled;feels
crunchy and frozen
Tingling, numbness, or burning
19. The nurse sees the patient with superficial frostbite in his foot squeezing,massaging, and
scrubbing the injured tissue. What is the nurse's next action?-
: STOP them
20. True or false: Swelling occurs after thawing superficially frostbitten tissue.-
: True, so remove clothing and jewelry to prevent constriction of circulation
21. Interventions for frost bite: Immerse affected area in circulating water- tem-perature
controlled 99.0°-102° F (37.2°-38.9° C)
Use warm soaks for facial areas Avoid heavy blankets and clothing
Provide analgesics and tetanus prophalaxisEvaluate for systemic hypothermia
22. regional resource, state-of-the-science care, education, outreach, and re-search: Level I
trauma center
23. provides care for trauma patients and transfer to Level I if needed (most hospitals); not
requires to participate in education and research: Level II trau-ma center
24. community hospital where no Level I or II exists: Level III trauma center
25. provides advanced trauma life support (ATLS) and transfer; main goal isstabilization for
transfer: Level IV trauma center
26. prevent the event: Primary prevention
27. minimize the impact of the traumatic event: Secondary prevention
28. maximize patient outcomes after a traumatic event through emergencyresponse systems,
