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Semester 2 2025 - DUE
September 2025
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, The Critical Lens of Medical Anthropology: Challenging Biomedicine and Bridging Health
Systems
Table of Contents
Introduction
Challenging Biomedical Hegemony: Deconstructing Universalism
Biomedicine as a Cultural System
The Biopsychosocial Model: Beyond Reductionism
Understanding Indigenous Health, Healing, and Medical Systems
Holism and Spirituality in Indigenous Healing
Ethnomedicine and Traditional Healers
The Colonial Legacy and its Impact
The Relevance of Medical Anthropology in Western Societies
Cultural Competence in Healthcare
Health Disparities and Social Determinants of Health
Patient Experience and Narrative Medicine
Navigating Pluralistic Medical Landscapes
Integration vs. Coexistence
Case Studies: Malaria in Africa, Mental Health in Diverse Settings
Conclusion
References
1. Introduction
Health, healing, and medical systems are not universal, fixed categories; rather, they are deeply
embedded in cultural contexts, shaped by historical processes, social structures, and individual
beliefs. Medical anthropology, also referred to as the anthropology of
health, is a central discipline to shed some light on these intricate interconnections. As the Unisa
study guide (2023:12) so appropriately states, "One of the most important functions of medical