ABSC 160 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed
biological processes, environmental events, or a combo of both - Answers What are the forces that drive
development?
Quantitative Change - Answers changes in the amount or quantity of what you are measuring(ex:
children grow they get taller, learn new words, and acquire more factual knowledge)
Qualitative Change - Answers changes in the overall nature of what you are examining(ex: walking is
different from crawling, and thinking about abstract concepts such as justice or fairness is different from
knowing something more concrete, such as capitals)
1. development is continuous
2. development is not a constant, even process
3. development is non-linear
4. description is not enough, need an explanation
5. nature and nurture play a role - Answers What are the tenets of developmental theory?
Skepticism - Answers judging the validity of a claim based on objective empirical evidence
Pseudoscience - Answers collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on
scientific method; claims of effectiveness based on established scientific evidence, when in fact there is
no evidence or evidence is misinterpreted; use of testimonial or anecdotes; claims that are unfalsifiable
Multifinality - Answers same pathway can lead to different outcomes(ex: children who are victims of
abuse can have many different long-term outcomes that can include depression but also resiliency and
healing)
Equifinality - Answers different pathways can result in the same outcome(ex: depression may result
from biological and genetic processes, but it also can result from early traumatic experiences)
degree to which the expression of a gene is influenced by the environment - Answers What are the
canalization of genes?
-know the source of your info
-examine the evidence
-question authority
-become a critical thinker
-beware of making generalizations
, -be aware of perceptual bias
-question "common sense" - Answers What are the activities of a "good" consumer of developmental
information?
theory - Answers describes factors responsible for scientific observations
- Answers How can you tell a good theory from a bad theory?(criteria for judging developmental
theories)
process by which professional peers critique research and make suggestions for improvement prior to its
publication or dissemination - Answers Why is peer review important?
independent variable - Answers variable in an experiment that the researcher manipulates; have control
over this; "what do i change"; presumed cause
dependent variable - Answers outcome of interest to the researcher that is measured at the end of an
experiment; observed results; "what do i observe"; presumed effect
confounding variable - Answers
description - Answers what happens; want to give an account of an event
explanation - Answers why and how it happens; allows prediction and control
reification - Answers treating a hypothetical construct as real
circular reasoning - Answers -inferring a conclusion based upon a premise that contains that conclusion
-a type of reasoning in which the proposition is supported by the premise, which is supported by the
proposition, creating a circle in reasoning where no useful info is being shared
nature - Answers influence of genetic inheritance on development
nurture - Answers influence of learning and the environment on children's development
social policy - Answers policies that to are intended to promote the welfare of individuals in a society
physical development - Answers biological changes that occur in the body, including changes in size and
strength, as well as the integration of sensory and motor activities
cognitive development - Answers changes in the way we think, understand, and reason about the world;
problem solving and decision making
social-emotional development - Answers ways we learn to connect to other individuals and interact
effectively with them, understand our emotions, and the emotions of others, and express and regulate
our emotions
biological processes, environmental events, or a combo of both - Answers What are the forces that drive
development?
Quantitative Change - Answers changes in the amount or quantity of what you are measuring(ex:
children grow they get taller, learn new words, and acquire more factual knowledge)
Qualitative Change - Answers changes in the overall nature of what you are examining(ex: walking is
different from crawling, and thinking about abstract concepts such as justice or fairness is different from
knowing something more concrete, such as capitals)
1. development is continuous
2. development is not a constant, even process
3. development is non-linear
4. description is not enough, need an explanation
5. nature and nurture play a role - Answers What are the tenets of developmental theory?
Skepticism - Answers judging the validity of a claim based on objective empirical evidence
Pseudoscience - Answers collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on
scientific method; claims of effectiveness based on established scientific evidence, when in fact there is
no evidence or evidence is misinterpreted; use of testimonial or anecdotes; claims that are unfalsifiable
Multifinality - Answers same pathway can lead to different outcomes(ex: children who are victims of
abuse can have many different long-term outcomes that can include depression but also resiliency and
healing)
Equifinality - Answers different pathways can result in the same outcome(ex: depression may result
from biological and genetic processes, but it also can result from early traumatic experiences)
degree to which the expression of a gene is influenced by the environment - Answers What are the
canalization of genes?
-know the source of your info
-examine the evidence
-question authority
-become a critical thinker
-beware of making generalizations
, -be aware of perceptual bias
-question "common sense" - Answers What are the activities of a "good" consumer of developmental
information?
theory - Answers describes factors responsible for scientific observations
- Answers How can you tell a good theory from a bad theory?(criteria for judging developmental
theories)
process by which professional peers critique research and make suggestions for improvement prior to its
publication or dissemination - Answers Why is peer review important?
independent variable - Answers variable in an experiment that the researcher manipulates; have control
over this; "what do i change"; presumed cause
dependent variable - Answers outcome of interest to the researcher that is measured at the end of an
experiment; observed results; "what do i observe"; presumed effect
confounding variable - Answers
description - Answers what happens; want to give an account of an event
explanation - Answers why and how it happens; allows prediction and control
reification - Answers treating a hypothetical construct as real
circular reasoning - Answers -inferring a conclusion based upon a premise that contains that conclusion
-a type of reasoning in which the proposition is supported by the premise, which is supported by the
proposition, creating a circle in reasoning where no useful info is being shared
nature - Answers influence of genetic inheritance on development
nurture - Answers influence of learning and the environment on children's development
social policy - Answers policies that to are intended to promote the welfare of individuals in a society
physical development - Answers biological changes that occur in the body, including changes in size and
strength, as well as the integration of sensory and motor activities
cognitive development - Answers changes in the way we think, understand, and reason about the world;
problem solving and decision making
social-emotional development - Answers ways we learn to connect to other individuals and interact
effectively with them, understand our emotions, and the emotions of others, and express and regulate
our emotions
