Subcutaneous emphysema
A physical finding of air within the subcutaneous tissue, described as a crackling or popping feeling
under the skin
Disseminating Intravascular Coagulation
A pathological process characterized by the widespread activation of the clotting cascade that results
in the formation of blood clots in the small vessels throughout the body. Interferes with the body's
ability to use fibrin for clotting when its actually needed thus increasing the chances of severe
hemorrhage
Disseminating intravascular coagulation is most commonly caused by?
Sepsis, tumors, and trauma
Also referred to as a traumatic dissection or rupture of the aorta
Transected aorta
Transected aorta
Shear forces cause the layers of the aorta to separate allowing blood to enter, this increases the
pressure within the artery causing it to begin to dissect
Signs and symptoms of a transected aorta
Severe hypotension
Severe tearing chest pain that may radiate to the back
Difference in pulses in the left/ right upper extremities or weak pulses in the lower extremities
,Rhabdomyolysis
Acute destruction of skeletal muscle
Occurs when crush syndrome causes skeletal muscle to undergo necrosis and cellular changes
causing it to begin degeneration
Rhabdomyolysis
Kehr's sign
Referred pain to the left shoulder caused by a ruptured spleen
Obstructive shock
The heart and vessels are working but oxygenated blood is not being delivered adequately due to an
obstruction
Common causes of obstructive shock
Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism
Distributive shock
Lack of vascular tone or major vasodilation hinders the ability of blood to perfuse through the body
(the pipes are too big)
Common causes of distributive shock
Sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurological/ spinal trauma, toxic exposure
, Hypovolemic shock
Any significant reduction in the volume of the cardiovascular system
Common causes of hypovolemic shock
Hemorrhage, severe burns, fluid/ electrolyte loss (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, excessive urination),
and "third spacing" of fluid that can occur in severe pancreatitis or ascites of the liver
Neurogenic shock
Due to the loss of sympathetic tone from a spinal cord injury, the "message" to constrict is no longer
being sent to the smooth muscle in the vascular system
Cushing's Triad
Bradycardia, widening pulse pressures, and irregular respirations (Cheyenne-Stokes)
Cardiogenic shock
Results from cardiac insufficiency when cardiac output falls below what the body requires (a pump
problem)
Septic shock
Blood vessels become extremely permeable as the cells release triggers to cause dilation of vessels to
allow more blood flow aka more infection control cells to mitigate the "local" infection
Tension pneumothorax
An open or simple pneumothorax that generates and maintains a pressure greater than atmospheric
pressure
A physical finding of air within the subcutaneous tissue, described as a crackling or popping feeling
under the skin
Disseminating Intravascular Coagulation
A pathological process characterized by the widespread activation of the clotting cascade that results
in the formation of blood clots in the small vessels throughout the body. Interferes with the body's
ability to use fibrin for clotting when its actually needed thus increasing the chances of severe
hemorrhage
Disseminating intravascular coagulation is most commonly caused by?
Sepsis, tumors, and trauma
Also referred to as a traumatic dissection or rupture of the aorta
Transected aorta
Transected aorta
Shear forces cause the layers of the aorta to separate allowing blood to enter, this increases the
pressure within the artery causing it to begin to dissect
Signs and symptoms of a transected aorta
Severe hypotension
Severe tearing chest pain that may radiate to the back
Difference in pulses in the left/ right upper extremities or weak pulses in the lower extremities
,Rhabdomyolysis
Acute destruction of skeletal muscle
Occurs when crush syndrome causes skeletal muscle to undergo necrosis and cellular changes
causing it to begin degeneration
Rhabdomyolysis
Kehr's sign
Referred pain to the left shoulder caused by a ruptured spleen
Obstructive shock
The heart and vessels are working but oxygenated blood is not being delivered adequately due to an
obstruction
Common causes of obstructive shock
Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism
Distributive shock
Lack of vascular tone or major vasodilation hinders the ability of blood to perfuse through the body
(the pipes are too big)
Common causes of distributive shock
Sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurological/ spinal trauma, toxic exposure
, Hypovolemic shock
Any significant reduction in the volume of the cardiovascular system
Common causes of hypovolemic shock
Hemorrhage, severe burns, fluid/ electrolyte loss (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, excessive urination),
and "third spacing" of fluid that can occur in severe pancreatitis or ascites of the liver
Neurogenic shock
Due to the loss of sympathetic tone from a spinal cord injury, the "message" to constrict is no longer
being sent to the smooth muscle in the vascular system
Cushing's Triad
Bradycardia, widening pulse pressures, and irregular respirations (Cheyenne-Stokes)
Cardiogenic shock
Results from cardiac insufficiency when cardiac output falls below what the body requires (a pump
problem)
Septic shock
Blood vessels become extremely permeable as the cells release triggers to cause dilation of vessels to
allow more blood flow aka more infection control cells to mitigate the "local" infection
Tension pneumothorax
An open or simple pneumothorax that generates and maintains a pressure greater than atmospheric
pressure
