UCI Bio 93 (Trio) Final Review Questions and Answers |Complete Solutions Graded A+ |100%
Correct
Tyrosine Kinase Receptors (TKR) Ligands are generally growth factors and can activate
multiple cellular responses. Uses ATP.
Ligand Gated Ion Channels Ligands are neurotransmitters. allows Na+ and Ca+ ions to flow
in and out of the cell. Crucial for communication in nerve cells and some are present in the
membrane of ER.
Hormone receptor complex Acts as a transcription factor.
Character An observable heritable feature
Trait Any detectable variation in a genetic character.
2^x Formula to find the number of unique gametes that could be produced through
independent assortment from a genotype, where x is the number of heterozygous genes.
Multiplication Rule When trying to calculate the probability of a single genetic event.
Between different punnet squares.
Addition Rule When trying to calculate probability of more than one mutually exclusive
genetic event. Within one punnet square.
Incomplete Dominace The two dominate traits mix to form a new phenotype. Such as a pink
flower or the inability to make LDL receptors
Co-dominace Both alleles affect the phenotype in different ways. Such as blood types.
,Pleiotropy When a gene affects more than one phenotypic character. Such as sickle cell
anemia.
Epistasis When a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another
locus. Such as fur color in dogs.
Polygenetic inheritance Occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes.
Such as human skin tone.
Environmental impact Environment can affect the phenotype.
Linked Genes Genes that are usually inherited together.
Recombinant offspring Offspring who's genes contain a non parent allele combination.
Barr body A compact object that that the second X chromosome in each cell of a female
body condenses into in order to inactive its genes.
Deletion Removes a chromosomal segment.
Duplication Repeats a chromosomal segment.
Inversion Reverses a chromosomal segment
Translocation Moves a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to a nonhomologous
chromosome.
, Genomic Imprinting Occurs during the formation of gametes and results in the silencing of
one allele of certain genes.
Chromatin A complex of DNA and protein found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Histones Proteins that are responsible for the first level of DNA packing in the chromatin.
Euchromatin Loosely packed chromatin; occurs in regions where transcription can readily
occur
Heterochromatin Highly condensed regions of chromatin centromeres and telomeres
(during interphase). this makes it difficult for the cell to express genetic information coded in
those regions
Histone Acetylation Acetyl groups are attached to possibly charged lysine in histones tails.
This loosens the structure and facilitates initiation of transcription.
Enhancer DNA sequence that promotes transcription if bound to an activator.
Activator A protein that binds to an enhancer and stimulates transcription of a gene.
Repressor Block the transcription of a gene
Cell Differentiation The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function
Morphogenesis The physical process that gives an organism its shape. Involves gastrulation
and organogenesis.
Correct
Tyrosine Kinase Receptors (TKR) Ligands are generally growth factors and can activate
multiple cellular responses. Uses ATP.
Ligand Gated Ion Channels Ligands are neurotransmitters. allows Na+ and Ca+ ions to flow
in and out of the cell. Crucial for communication in nerve cells and some are present in the
membrane of ER.
Hormone receptor complex Acts as a transcription factor.
Character An observable heritable feature
Trait Any detectable variation in a genetic character.
2^x Formula to find the number of unique gametes that could be produced through
independent assortment from a genotype, where x is the number of heterozygous genes.
Multiplication Rule When trying to calculate the probability of a single genetic event.
Between different punnet squares.
Addition Rule When trying to calculate probability of more than one mutually exclusive
genetic event. Within one punnet square.
Incomplete Dominace The two dominate traits mix to form a new phenotype. Such as a pink
flower or the inability to make LDL receptors
Co-dominace Both alleles affect the phenotype in different ways. Such as blood types.
,Pleiotropy When a gene affects more than one phenotypic character. Such as sickle cell
anemia.
Epistasis When a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another
locus. Such as fur color in dogs.
Polygenetic inheritance Occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes.
Such as human skin tone.
Environmental impact Environment can affect the phenotype.
Linked Genes Genes that are usually inherited together.
Recombinant offspring Offspring who's genes contain a non parent allele combination.
Barr body A compact object that that the second X chromosome in each cell of a female
body condenses into in order to inactive its genes.
Deletion Removes a chromosomal segment.
Duplication Repeats a chromosomal segment.
Inversion Reverses a chromosomal segment
Translocation Moves a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to a nonhomologous
chromosome.
, Genomic Imprinting Occurs during the formation of gametes and results in the silencing of
one allele of certain genes.
Chromatin A complex of DNA and protein found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Histones Proteins that are responsible for the first level of DNA packing in the chromatin.
Euchromatin Loosely packed chromatin; occurs in regions where transcription can readily
occur
Heterochromatin Highly condensed regions of chromatin centromeres and telomeres
(during interphase). this makes it difficult for the cell to express genetic information coded in
those regions
Histone Acetylation Acetyl groups are attached to possibly charged lysine in histones tails.
This loosens the structure and facilitates initiation of transcription.
Enhancer DNA sequence that promotes transcription if bound to an activator.
Activator A protein that binds to an enhancer and stimulates transcription of a gene.
Repressor Block the transcription of a gene
Cell Differentiation The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function
Morphogenesis The physical process that gives an organism its shape. Involves gastrulation
and organogenesis.
