PSYC 140 Module 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hei4mw
1. Episode 3 Categories: ategories: Proximity and contact seeking, Avoidance of
proximity and contact, Resistance to contact and comfort.
2. A lingering reflex may indicate: brain damage
3. grasping reflex (palmer grasp): Most adults know that placing a finger in an
infant's palm will trigger the grasping reflex. This grasp can be extremely strong! This
reflex appears to be a stepping stone to additional motor development, as when an
infant becomes able to grasp things voluntarily.
4. Babinski reflex: when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back
toward the top of the foot and the others fan out. This is normal until about 2 years
of age
5. Moro Reflex: startle response when the infant arches back and stretches arms
and legs, may come from survival value because it looks like they may be falling
6. stepping reflex: infant making stepping motions when held above a surface. May
be a building block for future motor development
7. rooting: the baby turns her head when their cheek or mouth is touched, helps
with feeding purposes
8. how many hours are newborns sleeping for: 16-18 hours
9. when do sleep patterns start to develop: 6 weeks of age
10. nREM: non-rapid eye movement or regular sleep. Baby is motionless. Increases
as the baby gets older
11. REM sleep: rapid eye movement sleep, or irregular sleep. Uneven breathing that
takes up about half on an infant's daily sleep pattern. Infants start their sleep cycle
in this
12. At what age does crying peak: 6 weeks - can cry for 3-4 hours per day
13. Other infant states: drowsiness and crying
14. Ways of soothing a baby (5 S's): swaddling, side/stomach position in parent's
arms, swinging, shushing sounds, sucking
15. benefits of touching infants: needed for early brain development and physical
growth, tough releases endorphins to help stop pain and increase calmness
16. Why is sushing beneficial for infants: serves as white noise, babies prefer
vocal noises to other noises
17. why is swinging beneficial for infants: very soothing, may be similar to what
they experienced in the womb
18. benefits of swaddling: limits overstimulation to the senses, holding infant in a
dark room can also limit overstimulation
19. Infancy age: first 2 years of life
20. average growth at 2 years old: 30 lbs and 32-35 inches tall. Growth happens
in spurts
21. two types of growth sequences: cephalocaudal and proximodistal
1/6
, PSYC 140 Module 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hei4mw
22. what does cephalocaudal mean?: cephalo means head and caudal means tail
23. what is Cephalocaudal growth: growth starts from the top of the head. Brain
and skull and primary locations of growth
24. neural pruning: happens during infancy, as new important neural connections
are made unimportant ones are discarded
25. overproduction: Infants have more synaptic connections than necessary. Their
brains start to change based on what they experience. Used connections stay and
unneeded ones are lost (pruning)
26. critical periods: if information is not learned within a specific span of time, the
brain will not develop in a way that it should.
Ex. After age 5, if a child has never heard human speech they will never be able to
learn to speak
27. what does proximodistal mean?: Proximo means near and distal means far
away
28. what is proximodistal growth: growth starts from the center of the body and
moves outward to further parts of the body. The trunk area will begin growth first
then limbs will begin to grow.
Ex: the gross motor development will happen before fine motor development
29. Sensorimotor stage: Piaget's theory that says the infant learns the world
through senses and making gains in motor development.
30. Scheme: An organized what that the brain categorizes information so that we
remember concepts
31. assimilation: new information is added to existing schemas, the information is
being absorbed.
32. accomodation: schema is changed to make sense of incoming information.
33. 1. Simple Reflexes: reflexes are the building blocks for future motor skills
and cognitive gains. Behaviors that happen automatically will eventually become
intentional.
34. 2. first habits and primary circulation reactions: reflexes go away and infant's
behaviors are more voluntary. Baby tries to purposefully recreate a pleasurable
event.
Primary means that the infant is self-focused, they are exploring their own body.
Ex. sucking thumb or toes.
35. 3. Secondary circular reactions: purposeful behaviors that are focused on the
external world. The infant will pick up a rattle and shake it repeatedly. Infant is making
a mental representation of how things work.
36. 4. Coordination of Secondary circular: behavior is more coordinated and goal
directed. The infant knows what it wants and tries to get it.
2/6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hei4mw
1. Episode 3 Categories: ategories: Proximity and contact seeking, Avoidance of
proximity and contact, Resistance to contact and comfort.
2. A lingering reflex may indicate: brain damage
3. grasping reflex (palmer grasp): Most adults know that placing a finger in an
infant's palm will trigger the grasping reflex. This grasp can be extremely strong! This
reflex appears to be a stepping stone to additional motor development, as when an
infant becomes able to grasp things voluntarily.
4. Babinski reflex: when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the big toe bends back
toward the top of the foot and the others fan out. This is normal until about 2 years
of age
5. Moro Reflex: startle response when the infant arches back and stretches arms
and legs, may come from survival value because it looks like they may be falling
6. stepping reflex: infant making stepping motions when held above a surface. May
be a building block for future motor development
7. rooting: the baby turns her head when their cheek or mouth is touched, helps
with feeding purposes
8. how many hours are newborns sleeping for: 16-18 hours
9. when do sleep patterns start to develop: 6 weeks of age
10. nREM: non-rapid eye movement or regular sleep. Baby is motionless. Increases
as the baby gets older
11. REM sleep: rapid eye movement sleep, or irregular sleep. Uneven breathing that
takes up about half on an infant's daily sleep pattern. Infants start their sleep cycle
in this
12. At what age does crying peak: 6 weeks - can cry for 3-4 hours per day
13. Other infant states: drowsiness and crying
14. Ways of soothing a baby (5 S's): swaddling, side/stomach position in parent's
arms, swinging, shushing sounds, sucking
15. benefits of touching infants: needed for early brain development and physical
growth, tough releases endorphins to help stop pain and increase calmness
16. Why is sushing beneficial for infants: serves as white noise, babies prefer
vocal noises to other noises
17. why is swinging beneficial for infants: very soothing, may be similar to what
they experienced in the womb
18. benefits of swaddling: limits overstimulation to the senses, holding infant in a
dark room can also limit overstimulation
19. Infancy age: first 2 years of life
20. average growth at 2 years old: 30 lbs and 32-35 inches tall. Growth happens
in spurts
21. two types of growth sequences: cephalocaudal and proximodistal
1/6
, PSYC 140 Module 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hei4mw
22. what does cephalocaudal mean?: cephalo means head and caudal means tail
23. what is Cephalocaudal growth: growth starts from the top of the head. Brain
and skull and primary locations of growth
24. neural pruning: happens during infancy, as new important neural connections
are made unimportant ones are discarded
25. overproduction: Infants have more synaptic connections than necessary. Their
brains start to change based on what they experience. Used connections stay and
unneeded ones are lost (pruning)
26. critical periods: if information is not learned within a specific span of time, the
brain will not develop in a way that it should.
Ex. After age 5, if a child has never heard human speech they will never be able to
learn to speak
27. what does proximodistal mean?: Proximo means near and distal means far
away
28. what is proximodistal growth: growth starts from the center of the body and
moves outward to further parts of the body. The trunk area will begin growth first
then limbs will begin to grow.
Ex: the gross motor development will happen before fine motor development
29. Sensorimotor stage: Piaget's theory that says the infant learns the world
through senses and making gains in motor development.
30. Scheme: An organized what that the brain categorizes information so that we
remember concepts
31. assimilation: new information is added to existing schemas, the information is
being absorbed.
32. accomodation: schema is changed to make sense of incoming information.
33. 1. Simple Reflexes: reflexes are the building blocks for future motor skills
and cognitive gains. Behaviors that happen automatically will eventually become
intentional.
34. 2. first habits and primary circulation reactions: reflexes go away and infant's
behaviors are more voluntary. Baby tries to purposefully recreate a pleasurable
event.
Primary means that the infant is self-focused, they are exploring their own body.
Ex. sucking thumb or toes.
35. 3. Secondary circular reactions: purposeful behaviors that are focused on the
external world. The infant will pick up a rattle and shake it repeatedly. Infant is making
a mental representation of how things work.
36. 4. Coordination of Secondary circular: behavior is more coordinated and goal
directed. The infant knows what it wants and tries to get it.
2/6
