Cardiovascular Assessment
Questions with Correct Answers
Most common presenting s&s of abnormal cardiac manifestation - ANSWERSchest
pain, dyspnea, peripheral edema, weight gain, fatigue, dizziness, syncope, changes in
level of consciousness
Physical Assessment Skin - ANSWERSPallor, peripheral cyanosis, central cyanosis,
Xanthelasma, eccymosis
Physical Assessment Blood pressure - ANSWERSPulse pressure
Physical Assessment Arterial pulses - ANSWERSRate, rhythm, quality, pulse deficit
Physical Assessment of the heart - ANSWERS-Inspection
-Palpation
-Aortic ,pulmonic, Erbs point, tricuspid, PMI, epigastric
-Auscultation
-S1, S2, S3, S4, Snaps opening snaps and clicks murmurs, friction rub
Cardiovascular assessment inspection - ANSWERS-no pulsations are visible except at
point of maximum impulse (PMI).
-no lifts (heaves) or retractions are evident in four valve areas of chest wall
Cardiovascular assessment palpation - ANSWERS-no vibrations or thrills are evident
-no lifts or heaves are evident
-no pulsations are visible except at PMI and epigastric area
Cardiovascular assessment vascular palpation - ANSWERS-note skin temperature,
texture and turgor
-capillary refill is no more than 3 seconds
-pulses should be in rhythm ad strength
4+ = bounding 3+ = Increased
2+ = Normal 1+ = Week
0 + absent
Cardiovascular assessment auscultation - ANSWERS-first heart sound (s1) heard best
with stethoscope diaphragm over mitral area
-second heart sounds (s2) hear best with stethoscope diaphragm over aortic sea
, -third hear sounds (s3) hear best with stethoscope bell over mitral area
-addition heart sound (s4) heard best with stethoscope with stethoscope bell
Edema scale - ANSWERS0 = none observed
+1 = minimal (<2mm)
+2 = depression 2-4mm
+3 = depression 5-8mm
+4 = depressions >8mm
Normal BP reading - ANSWERS-based on 2 or more consecutive readings
<120 m Hg/ <80 mm Hg
Prehypertension - ANSWERS120-139 mm Hg/ 80-89 mm Hg
Hypertension Stage 1 - ANSWERS140-159 mm Hg/ 90-99 mm Hg
Hypertension Stage 2 - ANSWERSgreater or equal to 160 mm Hg/ greater r equal to
100 mm Hg
Identifying Heart Murmurs - ANSWERSMurmurs are graded on a scale of 1- VI
Grade 1- barely audible
Grade II -Audible but quiet and soft
Grade III -Moderately loud without a trust or thrill
Grade IV- Loud with a thrill
Grade V - Very loud with a palpable thrill
Grade VI - Loud enough to be heard without a stethoscope
-Document your findings with VI as the denominator, e.g. a grade III murmur is
documented as III/VI
Heart Murmurs: Mid systolic (Systolic ejection) - ANSWERS-Harsh rough with medium
to high pitch
-located Pulmonic and Aortic and supra-sternal notch
-caused by pulmonic or aortic stenosis
Heart Murmurs: Holosystolic (pansystolic) - ANSWERS-harsh/blowing with high pitch
-located in tricuspid or mitral lower left sternal boarder
-caused by ventricular septal defect, pr mitral or tricuspid insufficiency
Heart Murmurs: Early diastolic - ANSWERS-blowing with high pitch
-located in mid left sternal edge or pulmonic
-caused by aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
Heart Murmurs: Mid-late diastolic - ANSWERS-rumbling with a low pitch
-located in apex or tricuspid lower right sternal boarder
-caused by mitral or tricuspid stenosis
Questions with Correct Answers
Most common presenting s&s of abnormal cardiac manifestation - ANSWERSchest
pain, dyspnea, peripheral edema, weight gain, fatigue, dizziness, syncope, changes in
level of consciousness
Physical Assessment Skin - ANSWERSPallor, peripheral cyanosis, central cyanosis,
Xanthelasma, eccymosis
Physical Assessment Blood pressure - ANSWERSPulse pressure
Physical Assessment Arterial pulses - ANSWERSRate, rhythm, quality, pulse deficit
Physical Assessment of the heart - ANSWERS-Inspection
-Palpation
-Aortic ,pulmonic, Erbs point, tricuspid, PMI, epigastric
-Auscultation
-S1, S2, S3, S4, Snaps opening snaps and clicks murmurs, friction rub
Cardiovascular assessment inspection - ANSWERS-no pulsations are visible except at
point of maximum impulse (PMI).
-no lifts (heaves) or retractions are evident in four valve areas of chest wall
Cardiovascular assessment palpation - ANSWERS-no vibrations or thrills are evident
-no lifts or heaves are evident
-no pulsations are visible except at PMI and epigastric area
Cardiovascular assessment vascular palpation - ANSWERS-note skin temperature,
texture and turgor
-capillary refill is no more than 3 seconds
-pulses should be in rhythm ad strength
4+ = bounding 3+ = Increased
2+ = Normal 1+ = Week
0 + absent
Cardiovascular assessment auscultation - ANSWERS-first heart sound (s1) heard best
with stethoscope diaphragm over mitral area
-second heart sounds (s2) hear best with stethoscope diaphragm over aortic sea
, -third hear sounds (s3) hear best with stethoscope bell over mitral area
-addition heart sound (s4) heard best with stethoscope with stethoscope bell
Edema scale - ANSWERS0 = none observed
+1 = minimal (<2mm)
+2 = depression 2-4mm
+3 = depression 5-8mm
+4 = depressions >8mm
Normal BP reading - ANSWERS-based on 2 or more consecutive readings
<120 m Hg/ <80 mm Hg
Prehypertension - ANSWERS120-139 mm Hg/ 80-89 mm Hg
Hypertension Stage 1 - ANSWERS140-159 mm Hg/ 90-99 mm Hg
Hypertension Stage 2 - ANSWERSgreater or equal to 160 mm Hg/ greater r equal to
100 mm Hg
Identifying Heart Murmurs - ANSWERSMurmurs are graded on a scale of 1- VI
Grade 1- barely audible
Grade II -Audible but quiet and soft
Grade III -Moderately loud without a trust or thrill
Grade IV- Loud with a thrill
Grade V - Very loud with a palpable thrill
Grade VI - Loud enough to be heard without a stethoscope
-Document your findings with VI as the denominator, e.g. a grade III murmur is
documented as III/VI
Heart Murmurs: Mid systolic (Systolic ejection) - ANSWERS-Harsh rough with medium
to high pitch
-located Pulmonic and Aortic and supra-sternal notch
-caused by pulmonic or aortic stenosis
Heart Murmurs: Holosystolic (pansystolic) - ANSWERS-harsh/blowing with high pitch
-located in tricuspid or mitral lower left sternal boarder
-caused by ventricular septal defect, pr mitral or tricuspid insufficiency
Heart Murmurs: Early diastolic - ANSWERS-blowing with high pitch
-located in mid left sternal edge or pulmonic
-caused by aortic or pulmonic insufficiency
Heart Murmurs: Mid-late diastolic - ANSWERS-rumbling with a low pitch
-located in apex or tricuspid lower right sternal boarder
-caused by mitral or tricuspid stenosis
