1
BIOS252 Exam 1 Study
Guide () –
Anatomy and Physiology II
with Lab | Verified Content –
Chamberlain
General Study Tips
• Focus Areas: Concentrate on the nervous system (neurons, brain, spinal cord), endocrine
system (glands, hormones), and cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels).
• Lab Integration: Review lab techniques including microscopy (e.g., neuron and cardiac
tissue slides), dissection (e.g., brain, heart), and physiological experiments (e.g., ECG,
blood pressure).
• Key Resources: Use Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb & Hoehn, Chapters 11–19)
for detailed anatomical and physiological concepts.
• Approach: Practice identifying structures on lab models, interpreting experimental data,
and applying physiological principles to clinical scenarios.
Review Questions
Question 1
During a lab microscopy session, which structure of a neuron is observed as the primary site for
receiving signals?
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Cell body
D. Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: B. Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites, visible on neuron slides under a microscope, receive incoming signals
from other neurons or sensory receptors, initiating signal transmission (Human Anatomy &
Physiology, Ch. 11).
, 2
Question 2
In a lab dissection of the brain, which structure is identified as the primary control center for
autonomic functions like heart rate?
A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Thalamus
D. Corpus callosum
Correct Answer: B. Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata, observed in brain dissections, contains centers that regulate
vital functions like heart rate and breathing, per Chamberlain’s BIOS252 curriculum (Human
Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 12).
Question 3
In a lab experiment measuring nerve conduction, what ion primarily drives the depolarization
phase of an action potential?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Correct Answer: B. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium influx through voltage-gated channels causes depolarization, as measured in
lab nerve conduction studies, creating the action potential (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch.
11).
Question 4
Which structure, identified in a heart dissection, pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?
A. Right atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right ventricle
D. Left atrium
Correct Answer: B. Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle, seen in heart dissection, pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta for
systemic circulation, as observed in lab models (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 18).
, 3
Question 5
During a lab ECG recording, what does the QRS complex represent?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Atrial repolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
Correct Answer: B. Ventricular depolarization
Rationale: The QRS complex, recorded in lab ECGs, represents ventricular depolarization,
leading to ventricular contraction (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 18).
Question 6
In a lab microscopy session, which cell type is observed myelinating axons in the peripheral
nervous system?
A. Oligodendrocyte
B. Schwann cell
C. Astrocyte
D. Microglia
Correct Answer: B. Schwann cell
Rationale: Schwann cells, seen in peripheral nerve tissue slides, produce myelin sheaths to
insulate axons, increasing conduction speed (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 11).
Question 7
What hormone, measured in a lab blood assay, lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: C. Insulin
Rationale: Insulin, produced by pancreatic beta cells, promotes glucose uptake by cells,
reducing blood glucose, as measured in lab assays (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 16).
Question 8
BIOS252 Exam 1 Study
Guide () –
Anatomy and Physiology II
with Lab | Verified Content –
Chamberlain
General Study Tips
• Focus Areas: Concentrate on the nervous system (neurons, brain, spinal cord), endocrine
system (glands, hormones), and cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels).
• Lab Integration: Review lab techniques including microscopy (e.g., neuron and cardiac
tissue slides), dissection (e.g., brain, heart), and physiological experiments (e.g., ECG,
blood pressure).
• Key Resources: Use Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb & Hoehn, Chapters 11–19)
for detailed anatomical and physiological concepts.
• Approach: Practice identifying structures on lab models, interpreting experimental data,
and applying physiological principles to clinical scenarios.
Review Questions
Question 1
During a lab microscopy session, which structure of a neuron is observed as the primary site for
receiving signals?
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Cell body
D. Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: B. Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites, visible on neuron slides under a microscope, receive incoming signals
from other neurons or sensory receptors, initiating signal transmission (Human Anatomy &
Physiology, Ch. 11).
, 2
Question 2
In a lab dissection of the brain, which structure is identified as the primary control center for
autonomic functions like heart rate?
A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Thalamus
D. Corpus callosum
Correct Answer: B. Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata, observed in brain dissections, contains centers that regulate
vital functions like heart rate and breathing, per Chamberlain’s BIOS252 curriculum (Human
Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 12).
Question 3
In a lab experiment measuring nerve conduction, what ion primarily drives the depolarization
phase of an action potential?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Correct Answer: B. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium influx through voltage-gated channels causes depolarization, as measured in
lab nerve conduction studies, creating the action potential (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch.
11).
Question 4
Which structure, identified in a heart dissection, pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?
A. Right atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right ventricle
D. Left atrium
Correct Answer: B. Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle, seen in heart dissection, pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta for
systemic circulation, as observed in lab models (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 18).
, 3
Question 5
During a lab ECG recording, what does the QRS complex represent?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Atrial repolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
Correct Answer: B. Ventricular depolarization
Rationale: The QRS complex, recorded in lab ECGs, represents ventricular depolarization,
leading to ventricular contraction (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 18).
Question 6
In a lab microscopy session, which cell type is observed myelinating axons in the peripheral
nervous system?
A. Oligodendrocyte
B. Schwann cell
C. Astrocyte
D. Microglia
Correct Answer: B. Schwann cell
Rationale: Schwann cells, seen in peripheral nerve tissue slides, produce myelin sheaths to
insulate axons, increasing conduction speed (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 11).
Question 7
What hormone, measured in a lab blood assay, lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: C. Insulin
Rationale: Insulin, produced by pancreatic beta cells, promotes glucose uptake by cells,
reducing blood glucose, as measured in lab assays (Human Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 16).
Question 8
