IBEC STATE EXAM|| 277 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Keratin - ANSWER-a protein substance that helps protect the skin against invasion
keratinization - ANSWER-the process of living cells moving upward and changing to
dead calls
the two main zones of the epidermis - ANSWER-1. horny zone
2. germinal zone
horny zone layers - ANSWER-1. stratum corneum
2. stratum lucidium
3. stratum granulosum
(act as a barrier against invasion and water absorption)
stratum corneum - ANSWER-outer most layer of the skin where dead skin cells are
constantly shed
stratum lucidum - ANSWER-second layer of the skin that is transparent due to eleidin
and only on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet
stratum granulosum (granular layer) - ANSWER-bottom layer of the horny zone.
THICKEST on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands, THINNEST on the eyelids.
Forms calluses.
Germinal Zone Layers - ANSWER-1. stratum spinosum
2. stratum germinativum
stratum spinosum - ANSWER-prickle cell layer
stratum germinativum (basal cell layer) - ANSWER-the LOWEST layer of the epidermis,
in contact with the dermis.
cell division (mitosis) occurs here
Stratum Mucosum - ANSWER-the malpighian layer
The Dermis - ANSWER-the living layer or "true skin"
Meissner's Corpuscles - ANSWER-nerve endings sensitive to touch
in the papillary layer
The Reticular Layer - ANSWER-the THICKEST layer of the skin
,made of collagen fibers
Appendages of the Reticular layer - ANSWER-arrector pili muscles
blood vessels
fat cells
hair follicles
lymph vessels
nerve endings
sebaceous glads- oil
sudoriferous glands- sweat
As the blood supply circulates through the skin it... - ANSWER-transports the oxygen-
rich blood and nutrients essential for growth; reproduction; and tissue repair of the skin,
hair, and nails
Lymph glands produce - ANSWER-lymph
lymph - ANSWER-white blood corpuscles and plasma
contains waste products, salts, and nitrogenous wastes
sudoriferous glands - ANSWER-the sweat glands under the control of the sympathetic
nervous system
Apocrine Glands (smelly) - ANSWER-in the pubic and axillary (underarms) area
excrete pheromones
eccrine glands (everywhere) - ANSWER-all over the body
more in the foreheads, palms of hands, and soles of feet
Sebaceous glands (oil glands) - ANSWER-all over the skin
mainly appendages to the hair follicles and open into the shafts of hair follicles.
more on the scalp, T-zone, and cheeks
produce sebum (oil)
are of the philosebaceous unit
influenced by the endocrine system
most active during puberty
the philosebaceous unit - ANSWER-the hair
arrector pili muscle - ANSWER-an appendage that is attached to the hair follicle
partially responsible for heat regulation
subcutaneous layer (adipose tissue) - ANSWER-a layer of fatty tissue at the base of the
dermis
layers of the hair - ANSWER-1. cuticle (protection)
, 2. cortext (pigment)
3. medulla (strength of the hair)
Anagen - ANSWER-hair's active growing phase, the hair follicle is at its deepest
catagen - ANSWER-the hair follicle separates from the dermal papilla
shortest growing phase (only a few days-a few weeks)
telogen - ANSWER-resting stage, when papilla reaches the bulge
functions of the skin (PHRASES) - ANSWER-1. protection
2. heat regulation
3. absorption
4. secretion
5. excretion
6. synthesis of vitamin D
Sebum - ANSWER-prevents drying and cracking and prevents bacteria and germs from
entering the skin and the body
germinal layer (stratum germinativum) - ANSWER-contains melanin-producing
melanocytes that protect the body from harmful ultraviolet radiation
adipose tissue in the subcutis - ANSWER-cushions the body from falls, protects against
minor trauma, and provides a source of energy
heat regulation - ANSWER-the body adjusts to counteract environmental changes and
to maintain a safe and appropriate temperature through EVAPORATION,
PERSPIRATION, RADIATION, and INSULATION
skin cancer - ANSWER-most common form of cancer
most curable form of cancer
metastasis - ANSWER-cancer cells break away and spread to different parts of the
body
Malignant melanoma removal - ANSWER-the whole lesion is removed surgically and
examined under a microscope
Warts (verruca) - ANSWER-contagious
scratching causing them to spread
cryosurgery is the most common treatment to remove them
Type 1 Herpes - ANSWER-cold sores/fever blisters around the mouth and anywhere
above the waist
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Keratin - ANSWER-a protein substance that helps protect the skin against invasion
keratinization - ANSWER-the process of living cells moving upward and changing to
dead calls
the two main zones of the epidermis - ANSWER-1. horny zone
2. germinal zone
horny zone layers - ANSWER-1. stratum corneum
2. stratum lucidium
3. stratum granulosum
(act as a barrier against invasion and water absorption)
stratum corneum - ANSWER-outer most layer of the skin where dead skin cells are
constantly shed
stratum lucidum - ANSWER-second layer of the skin that is transparent due to eleidin
and only on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet
stratum granulosum (granular layer) - ANSWER-bottom layer of the horny zone.
THICKEST on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands, THINNEST on the eyelids.
Forms calluses.
Germinal Zone Layers - ANSWER-1. stratum spinosum
2. stratum germinativum
stratum spinosum - ANSWER-prickle cell layer
stratum germinativum (basal cell layer) - ANSWER-the LOWEST layer of the epidermis,
in contact with the dermis.
cell division (mitosis) occurs here
Stratum Mucosum - ANSWER-the malpighian layer
The Dermis - ANSWER-the living layer or "true skin"
Meissner's Corpuscles - ANSWER-nerve endings sensitive to touch
in the papillary layer
The Reticular Layer - ANSWER-the THICKEST layer of the skin
,made of collagen fibers
Appendages of the Reticular layer - ANSWER-arrector pili muscles
blood vessels
fat cells
hair follicles
lymph vessels
nerve endings
sebaceous glads- oil
sudoriferous glands- sweat
As the blood supply circulates through the skin it... - ANSWER-transports the oxygen-
rich blood and nutrients essential for growth; reproduction; and tissue repair of the skin,
hair, and nails
Lymph glands produce - ANSWER-lymph
lymph - ANSWER-white blood corpuscles and plasma
contains waste products, salts, and nitrogenous wastes
sudoriferous glands - ANSWER-the sweat glands under the control of the sympathetic
nervous system
Apocrine Glands (smelly) - ANSWER-in the pubic and axillary (underarms) area
excrete pheromones
eccrine glands (everywhere) - ANSWER-all over the body
more in the foreheads, palms of hands, and soles of feet
Sebaceous glands (oil glands) - ANSWER-all over the skin
mainly appendages to the hair follicles and open into the shafts of hair follicles.
more on the scalp, T-zone, and cheeks
produce sebum (oil)
are of the philosebaceous unit
influenced by the endocrine system
most active during puberty
the philosebaceous unit - ANSWER-the hair
arrector pili muscle - ANSWER-an appendage that is attached to the hair follicle
partially responsible for heat regulation
subcutaneous layer (adipose tissue) - ANSWER-a layer of fatty tissue at the base of the
dermis
layers of the hair - ANSWER-1. cuticle (protection)
, 2. cortext (pigment)
3. medulla (strength of the hair)
Anagen - ANSWER-hair's active growing phase, the hair follicle is at its deepest
catagen - ANSWER-the hair follicle separates from the dermal papilla
shortest growing phase (only a few days-a few weeks)
telogen - ANSWER-resting stage, when papilla reaches the bulge
functions of the skin (PHRASES) - ANSWER-1. protection
2. heat regulation
3. absorption
4. secretion
5. excretion
6. synthesis of vitamin D
Sebum - ANSWER-prevents drying and cracking and prevents bacteria and germs from
entering the skin and the body
germinal layer (stratum germinativum) - ANSWER-contains melanin-producing
melanocytes that protect the body from harmful ultraviolet radiation
adipose tissue in the subcutis - ANSWER-cushions the body from falls, protects against
minor trauma, and provides a source of energy
heat regulation - ANSWER-the body adjusts to counteract environmental changes and
to maintain a safe and appropriate temperature through EVAPORATION,
PERSPIRATION, RADIATION, and INSULATION
skin cancer - ANSWER-most common form of cancer
most curable form of cancer
metastasis - ANSWER-cancer cells break away and spread to different parts of the
body
Malignant melanoma removal - ANSWER-the whole lesion is removed surgically and
examined under a microscope
Warts (verruca) - ANSWER-contagious
scratching causing them to spread
cryosurgery is the most common treatment to remove them
Type 1 Herpes - ANSWER-cold sores/fever blisters around the mouth and anywhere
above the waist
