Spinal Anatomy- Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers

Cervical vertebral foramen is what shape? - ANSWERStriangular Degree of cervical facet joints? - ANSWERS45 degrees avg. How many primary ossification centers are in the cervical spine? - ANSWERS3 Where are the secondary ossification centers located on a typical cervical vertebra? - ANSWERS- superior rim of body - inferior rim of body - tips of TP (2) - tip of SP 5 total Cervical vertebral bodies increase in height and thickness as they ____. - ANSWERSdescend inferiorly Which ligament attaches to the posterior vertebral bodies? - ANSWERSPLL The ____ surface of a typical cervical vertebral body is concave due to uncinate processes projecting up. - ANSWERSsuperior The ____ surface of a typical cervical vertebral body is convex from side to side. - ANSWERSinferior When do uncinate processes develop? - ANSWERSaround 9-10 years of age Which movement do uncinate processes limit? - ANSWERSlateral flexion What kind of joints do uncinate processes form? - ANSWERSuncovertebral joints (joints of von Luschka) ____ forms the medial border of the vertebral foramen. - ANSWERSpedicles The spinal nerve occupies approximately ____ of the IVF in the cervical spine. - ANSWERS1/2 Which ligament fills the gap between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae? - ANSWERSligamentum flava Which segments are the vertebral artery found in? - ANSWERSC6-C1 transverse foramen The ____ joins the anterior and posterior roots of the cervical transverse process and helps to support the spinal nerve. - ANSWERSintertubercular lamella Which direction do superior articular processes face in the cervical spine? - ANSWERSposterior, superior, & medial T/F: The z-joint capsules in the cervical spine are looser than those in the lumbar or thoracic spine. - ANSWERStrue The volume of CSF in the subarachnoid space is greatest in ____ motion, and least in ____ motion. - ANSWERSflexion (greatest) extension (least) Which cervical vertebra has the shortest spinous process? - ANSWERSC4 T/F: Cervical SP's are generally asymmetrical. - ANSWERStrue Which movement will increase the S to I diameter of the IVF in the cervical spine? - ANSWERSflexion Is the dorsal root ganglia on the anterior or posterior surface of the articular process? - ANSWERSanterior Which nerve travels between the posterior arch of the atlas and the vertebral artery? - ANSWERSsuboccipital nerve Steel's rule of thirds states that the anterior 1/3 of the vertebral foramen in the atlas is filled by ____, 1/3 is ____, and 1/3 is ____. - ANSWERS- odontoid (anterior 1/3) - free space - spinal cord Which arch of the atlas does the facet on the dens articulate with? - ANSWERSanterior arch The sides of the dens is flat for attachment of which ligament? - ANSWERSalar ligaments How many primary and secondary ossification centers does the axis have? - ANSWERS5 primary, 5 secondary When does the cervical curve begin to form? - ANSWERSaround 9 weeks gestation Do males or females have a more significant cervical lordosis? - ANSWERSmales -- increases gradually until 70, then dramatic increase females -- greater throughout life, increases gradually until 50, then slows The lower cervical lordotic curve occurs where? - ANSWERSC2-C7 Are degenerative changes in the cervical spine first present in males or females? - ANSWERSmales (around 31-40 yrs) Cervical vertebral bodies have a greater ____ diameter than ____ diameter. - ANSWERStransverse (side to side) AP Is the inferior or superior surface of a typical cervical vertebral body larger? - ANSWERSinferior surface Which region of the cervical spine has the highest incidence of neural compression syndrome? - ANSWERSC4-C6 Pedicles in the typical cervical vertebrae project ____ from vertebral bodies. - ANSWERSposterolateral A typical cervical vertebra has ____ superior and inferior vertebral notches. - ANSWERSsimilar size The spinal nerve exits ___ its corresponding vertebrae in the cervical region. - ANSWERSabove Dural root sleeves in the cervical region originate directly from ___, instead of recurrent meningeal nerve. - ANSWERSdorsal root ganglion The dorsal ramus supplies? - ANSWERSz joints, deep muscles of back, & skin of the back What passes through the transverse foramen? - ANSWERSvertebral artery, vertebral veins, ventral rami, & plexus of sympathetic nerves Name the boundaries of the transverse foramen: - ANSWERSpedicle, anterior & posterior root of TP, intertubercular lamella At which region of the cervical spine are cervical ribs most common? - ANSWERSC7 The z-joints in the cervical spine are innervated by the ____ branch of the posterior dorsal rami. - ANSWERSmedial The ____ portion of the lamina is rough due to attachment of ligamentum flavum. - ANSWERSinferior ____ is an injury to a nerve resulting in paralysis that recovers completely in a short period of time. - ANSWERSneurapraxia ____ rotation narrows the IVF and ____ rotation widens the foramen in the cervical spine. - ANSWERSipsilateral (narrows) contralateral (widens) The occipital condyles fit into the ____ of the atlas. - ANSWERSsuperior articular facets The atlanto-occipital joint is designed for which ROM? - ANSWERSflexion/extension, slight lateral flexion The atlanto-axial joint is designed for which ROM? - ANSWERSrotation At what age does the dens fuse to the vertebral body? - ANSWERS3-6 yrs What kind of joint allows for 45 degrees of L and R rotation of the axis? - ANSWERStrochoid (pivot) What's unique about the superior and inferior notches of C2? - ANSWERSinferior are large, superior non-existent Which cervical vertebra has thicker and taller lamina? - ANSWERSC2 (weight of head are transmitted through this region) The C2 TP's develop from ____ roots only - ANSWERSposterior T/F: The anterior and posterior tubercles of C2 are distinct. - ANSWERSfalse -- NOT distinct Why is C2 spinous more bifid than other cervical vertebrae? - ANSWERSfor many muscle attachments The anterior tubercles of the TP are called 'carotid tubercles' on which cervical vertebra? - ANSWERSC6